Giuseppe Peano and Cantor set fractals based miniaturized hybrid fractal antenna for biomedical applications using artificial neural network and firefly algorithm

Abstract

In this research paper, Giuseppe Peano and Cantor set fractals based miniaturized hybrid fractal antenna (GCHFA) is proposed that operates for biomedical applications. The proposed GCHFA is designed by merging Giuseppe Peano and Cantor set fractals that help in achieving better performance characteristics as well as miniaturization. Firefly algorithm (FA) has been employed to optimize the feed position of the designed antenna. The substrate material selected for the proposed GCHFA is low-cost, commercially available FR4 epoxy whose thickness is 1.6 mm and relative permittivity is 4.4. A data set of 65 GCHFAs with different geometrical parameters is generated for the realization of two different bioinspired approaches.For the performance evaluation of fabricated prototype, vector network analyzer is used. The experimentally observed resonant frequencies are 2.4400 and 5.8115 GHz, and at these resonant frequencies, S (1,1) < −10 dB. The designed antenna is suitable for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical bands of biomedical applications. Moreover, the behavior of the proposed GCHFA is nearly omnidirectional. A comparative study of three different artificial neural networks (ANNs) is also done to evaluate the most suitable ANN type for the analysis of proposed GCHFA. The optimized, simulated, and experimental results depict that they are closely matched. K E Y W O R D S artificial neural network, biomedical applications, feed position, firefly algorithm, hybrid fractal antenna, resonant frequency

Tree-shaped Hybrid Fractal Antenna for Biomedical Applications using ANN and PSO

“…The aforementioned antenna is fabricated after computing the results To aid better understanding, final results of the projected hybrid fractal antenna obtained through simulations and experimental testing are revealed in Table 2. The resonant frequency observed during simulation is 2.45 GHz, whereas the value of fundamental frequency examined during the measurement is 2.42 GHz [18]. The observed value of VSWR is within the acceptable limit (VSWR ≤ 2) at the working frequency [32].…”

“…There is a large current distribution at the portion lies above the middle of the conducting patch i.e. the encircled region [18]. Maximum flow of current is from the endpoint of the generator curve to the top of the structure through all the branches [21].…”

“…The FFBP-ANN trained with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is preferred for the estimation of desired antenna performance parameters. A data pool of 25 antennas is used for the behavioral analysis of projected implantable antenna [18]. Each antenna is designed with different dimensions of the substrate ('ls' and 'ws'), and then simulated results are interpreted [31].…”

“…Several fantastic hybrid fractal strategies have been realized in the previous literature [14][15][16][17][18]. Chen et al [19] have practically realized a novel technique for suitable size reduction.…”

Comparative analysis of hybrid fractal antennas: A review

“…Such type of the problems has been noted in the articles. [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] Aforesaid attempts were made by researchers because compact sized, light weight, low cost, easy to fabricate, portable, and proficient to portray multiband/ wideband behavior antenna is the need of present technological era. Antenna which is capable to fulfill the afore-mentioned properties, can easily be implemented in the handheld devices.…”