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Abstract

Normal renal tissue, ranging from 8 weeks' gestation to full term to adult, was probed with polyclonal antibodies raised to peptide epitopes within the translated PKD1 gene sequence. Three antibodies were studied, all of which gave similar results. Renal tissue from patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and samples from normal adult liver, heart, brain, skeletal muscle and lymph node were also studied. Tissue staining demonstrated that the pattern of polycystin expression changed with gestational age in normal kidney. Whereas the precursors to the renal excretory unit were stained at 12 weeks, and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules stained to differing degrees throughout development, the glomeruli were poorly stained until full term and also in the adult. Extrarenal tissue stained in both adult and juvenile samples, with the exception of lymph node, which remained unstained. The intensity of polycystin staining increased in ADPKD renal tissue. The widespread distribution of polycystin was consistent with the systemic nature of ADPKD and the role of epithelial cells in the disease.

Polycystin Expression in the Kidney and Other Tissues: Complexity, Consensus and Controversy

“…For example, in the liver, some groups have reported expression by hepatocytes [4, 10, 12], while others have not [7, 8]. There is similar disagreement for other cell types such as endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).…”

“…After an initial false start due to an error in the original published sequence, a number of papers describing polycystin-1 expression in normal and cystic tissue have now been published [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. Most, though not all, have reported results obtained with antibodies directed to epitopes in the nonduplicated region of polycystin-1 (summarized in table 1).…”

Military Brides and Refugees: Vietnamese American Wives and Shifting Links to the Military, 1980 – 2000

“…Finally, in terms of future research on marriage patterns and kinship in general, other relevant questions must investigate non-heteronormative patterns that we were unable to address with IPUMS data. Future questions should address not just heteronormative immigration patterns but also networks of families and friends that are based on varied networks of relations such as LGBTQ relations and transnational sexual and gender practices (Weston, 1997;Kim-Puri, 2005 MONDE MILITAIRE, 1980-2000 Depuis la loi sur l'immigration de 1965, épouser des citoyens américains et des résidents étrangers est l'un des principaux moyens d'immigrer aux Etats-Unis. Malgré la croissance rapide de la population américaine d'origine asiatique vers la fin du vingtième siècle, les Américains d'origine asiatique ne représentaient toujours que trois pour cent des Américains en 2000, ce qui signifie que la migration asiatique vers les Etats-Unis par le biais du mariage s'est largement faite par des mariages avec des non-Asiatiques.…”

Modeling Pkd1 gene-targeted strategies for correction of polycystic kidney disease

“…Human ADPKD individual cysts at end-stage renal disease reveal loss of heterozygosity of PKD1 in a minority of cysts, whereas evidence for PKD1 /PC1 sustained or increased expression is clearly detected in both early and late stages of ADPKD cystic epithelia. 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 While the human pathogenetic mechanism remains to be defined, these findings point to an altered PKD1 /PC1 dosage-dependent mechanism for renal cystogenesis.…”

“…PC1 has the highest levels during fetal life, with readily detectable expression in proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells and collecting ducts. 14 , 18 With age, levels of PKD1 transcript and PC1 progressively decrease to lower levels in the collecting duct and to undetectable levels in the proximal tubules, whereas levels are maintained in distal tubules in adult kidneys. 10 , 18 , 19 , 20 …”