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Maltz, Michael D.; Targonski, Joseph

doi:10.1023/a:1023006321454

Cited by 40 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Because this error was more severe in areas with a small population size, we followed previous studies to weight the regression by state population size averaged over the entire study period to minimize potential bias. 19,20 Standard errors were clustered at the state level to account for possible serial correlation within a state. 21 We formally tested differences in the effects of RCL among (1) RCL states with and without decriminalization already in place, (2) adults and youths, and (3) Black and White individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for measurement errors, we followed previous studies to weight the regressions by population. 19 , 20 However, this approach may not have fully eliminated the bias. Second, cannabis possession arrests may be underestimated due to the hierarchical reporting in the UCRP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for measurement errors, we followed previous studies to weight the regressions by population. 19,20 However, this approach may not have fully eliminated the bias.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization With Cannabis Possession Arrest Rates in the US

Gunadi

Shi

2022

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceRecreational cannabis legalization (RCL) has been advocated as a way to reduce the number of individuals interacting with the US criminal justice system; in theory, however, cannabis decriminalization can achieve this objective without generating the negative public health consequences associated with RCL. It is still unclear whether RCL can bring additional benefits in terms of reducing cannabis possession arrests in states that have already decriminalized cannabis.ObjectiveTo examine whether RCL was associated with changes in cannabis possession arrests in US states that had already decriminalized cannabis during the study period and whether these changes differed across age and racial subgroups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional study used cannabis possession arrest data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCRP) for US states from 2010 through 2019. Statistical analysis was conducted from October 6, 2021, to October 12, 2022.ExposuresImplementation of statewide RCL.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCannabis possession arrest rates per 1000 population per year were assessed with a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design and were used to estimate the association of RCL with arrest rates in RCL states that had or had not decriminalized cannabis before RCL. This association was also examined in subgroups for age (adults vs youths) and race (Black vs White).ResultsThis study included UCRP data for 31 US states, including 9 states that implemented RCL during the study period (4 without and 5 with decriminalization) and 22 non-RCL states. In the 4 states that had not decriminalized cannabis before legalization, RCL was associated with a 76.3% decrease (95% CI, −81.2% to −69.9%) in arrest rates among adults. In the 5 states that had already decriminalized cannabis, RCL was still associated with a substantial decrease in adult arrest rates (−40.0%; 95% CI, −55.1% to −19.8%). There was no association of RCL with changes in arrest rates among youths. In addition, changes in arrest rates associated with RCL did not differ among Black and White individuals.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this repeated cross-sectional study, RCL was associated with a sizable reduction in cannabis possession arrests among adults in states that had already decriminalized cannabis during the study period (2010-2019), albeit the magnitude was smaller compared with states that had not decriminalized cannabis before RCL. In addition, RCL did not seem to be associated with changes in arrest rates among youths or disparities in arrest rates among Black and White individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for measurement errors, we followed previous studies to weight the regressions by population. 19,20 However, this approach may not have fully eliminated the bias.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization With Cannabis Possession Arrest Rates in the US

Gunadi

Shi

2022

JAMA Netw Open

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The effect of health insurance on crime: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion

Barkowski

2020

Health Economics

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Little evidence exists on the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on criminal behavior, a gap in the literature that this paper seeks to address. Using a simple model, we argue we should anticipate a decrease in time devoted to criminal activities in response to the expansion, because the availability of the ACA Medicaid coverage raises the opportunity cost of crime. This prediction is particularly relevant for the ACA expansion because it primarily affects childless adults, a population likely to contain individuals who engage in criminal behavior. We validate this forecast empirically using a difference-in-differences framework, estimating the expansion's effects on panel datasets of state-and county-level crime rates. Our estimates suggest that the ACA Medicaid expansion was negatively associated with burglary, vehicle theft, homicide, robbery, and assault.These crime-reduction spillover effects represent an important offset to the government's cost burden for the ACA Medicaid expansion.

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Digital Analysis of Crime Statistics: Does Crime Conform to Benford’s Law?

Hickman

Rice

2010

J Quant Criminol

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Untitled

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization With Cannabis Possession Arrest Rates in the US

Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization With Cannabis Possession Arrest Rates in the US

The effect of health insurance on crime: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion

Digital Analysis of Crime Statistics: Does Crime Conform to Benford’s Law?

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