Glacial Isostatic Adjustment and Contemporary Sea Level Rise: An Overview

Spada, Giorgio

doi:10.1007/s10712-016-9379-x

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The fundamental relationship of changes in land ice and water, solid Earth, and sea-surface height is essential to the study of past and present relative sea level (e.g., Peltier, 1982;Clark et al, 2002;Tamisiea, 2011). Our recent gain in confidence for monitoring the geographic locations and amplitudes of both seasonal and supra-seasonal changes in global glacier and ice sheet mass, dating to the beginning of the radar interferometry and altimetry era of the early 1990s (e.g., Rignot et al, 2011;Shepherd et al, 2018), strengthens our ability to effectively harness this information to construct informative models about global sea-level variability associated with a self-attraction and loading phenomenon (Spada and Galassi, 2016;Larour et al, 2017;Mitrovica et al, 2018). The mathematical formalism relating changes in gravitational, rotational, and solid Earth deformation responses to land ice and hydrological mass change has now niched itself into contemporary studies of sea-level change: the prediction of "sealevel fingerprints".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Sea-level fingerprints emergent from GRACE mission data

Adhikari

Ivins

Frederikse

et al. 2019

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data have an important, if not revolutionary, impact on how scientists quantify the water transport on the Earth's surface. The transport phenomena include land hydrology, physical oceanography, atmospheric moisture flux, and global cryospheric mass balance. The mass transport observed by the satellite system also includes solid Earth motions caused by, for example, great subduction zone earthquakes and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) processes. When coupled with altimetry, these space gravimetry data provide a powerful framework for studying climate-related changes on decadal timescales, such as ice mass loss and sea-level rise. As the changes in the latter are significant over the past two decades, there is a concomitant self-attraction and loading phenomenon generating ancillary changes in gravity, sea surface, and solid Earth deformation. These generate a finite signal in GRACE and ocean altimetry, and it may often be desirable to isolate and remove them for the purpose of understanding, for example, ocean circulation changes and post-seismic viscoelastic mantle flow, or GIA, occurring beneath the seafloor. Here we perform a systematic calculation of sea-level fingerprints of on-land water mass changes using monthly Release-06 GRACE Level-2 Stokes coefficients for the span April 2002 to August 2016, which result in a set of solutions for the time-varying geoid, sea-surface height, and vertical bedrock motion. We provide both spherical harmonic coefficients and spatial maps of these global field variables and uncertainties therein (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/8UC8IR; Adhikari et al., 2019). Solutions are provided for three official GRACE data processing centers, namely the University of Texas Austin's Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), with and without rotational feedback included and in both the center-of-mass and center-of-figure reference frames. These data may be applied for either study of the fields themselves or as fundamental filter components for the analysis of ocean-circulation- and earthquake-related fields or for improving ocean tide models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Sea-level fingerprints emergent from GRACE mission data

Adhikari

Ivins

Frederikse

et al. 2019

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…The starting point for developing CCS is the demand by user communities for services related to climate, sea level and coastal science. Neither observations and databases available today [137,[165][166][167][168][169] nor the existing models and climate services (e.g., CMIP-5 [170], CORDEX [171], solid Earth deformation models [172][173][174][175]) directly respond to this demand. Hence, as in other areas of climate services, there is a need to strengthen the linkages between users and climate, sea level and coastal information providers [105].…”

Section: A Framework For Coastal Climate Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Level Change and Coastal Climate Services: The Way Forward

Cozannet

Nicholls

Hinkel

et al. 2017

JMSE

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For many climate change impacts such as drought and heat waves, global and national frameworks for climate services are providing ever more critical support to adaptation activities. Coastal zones are especially in need of climate services for adaptation, as they are increasingly threatened by sea level rise and its impacts, such as submergence, flooding, shoreline erosion, salinization and wetland change. In this paper, we examine how annual to multi-decadal sea level projections can be used within coastal climate services (CCS). To this end, we review the current state-of-the art of coastal climate services in the US, Australia and France, and identify lessons learned. More broadly, we also review current barriers in the development of CCS, and identify research and development efforts for overcoming barriers and facilitating their continued growth. The latter includes: (1) research in the field of sea level, coastal and adaptation science and (2) cross-cutting research in the area of user interactions, decision making, propagation of uncertainties and overall service architecture design. We suggest that standard approaches are required to translate relative sea level information into the forms required to inform the wide range of relevant decisions across coastal management, including coastal adaptation.

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“…At a regional scale this includes, for instance, changes in the ocean circulation (e.g., due to wind stress) or local ocean water density variations (both temperature and salinity driven). Other causes are changes in Earth's gravitational field and vertical land motion due to redistribution of mass between land and the ocean-both present-day ice mass change and glacial isostatic adjustment in response to ice mass loss after the Last Glacial Maximum (Spada 2017). See Part II of this paper by Meyssignac et al (2017, hereafter M17) for a detailed discussion of these regional sea level change patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Model Simulations of Twentieth-Century Sea Level Rise. Part I: Global Mean Sea Level Change

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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Sea level change is one of the major consequences of climate change and is projected to affect coastal communities around the world. Here, global mean sea level (GMSL) change estimated by 12 climate models from phase 5 of the World Climate Research Programme's Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is compared to observational estimates for the period 1900-2015. Observed and simulated individual contributions to GMSL change (thermal expansion, glacier mass change, ice sheet mass change, landwater storage change) are analyzed and compared to observed GMSL change over the period 1900-2007 using tide gauge reconstructions, and over the period 1993-2015 using satellite altimetry estimates. The model-simulated contributions explain 50% 6 30% (uncertainties 1.65s unless indicated otherwise) of the mean observed change from 1901-20 to 1988-2007. Based on attributable biases between observations and models, a number of corrections are proposed, which result in an improved explanation of 75% 6 38% of the observed change. For the satellite era (from 1993-97 to 2011-15) an improved budget closure of 102% 6 33% is found (105% 6 35% when including the proposed bias corrections). Simulated decadal trends increase over the twentieth century, both in the thermal expansion and the combined mass contributions (glaciers, ice sheets, and landwater storage). The mass components explain the majority of sea level rise over the twentieth century, but the thermal expansion has increasingly contributed to sea level rise, starting from 1910 onward and in 2015 accounting for 46% of the total simulated sea level change.

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Glacial Isostatic Adjustment and Contemporary Sea Level Rise: An Overview

Cited by 78 publications

References 120 publications

Sea-level fingerprints emergent from GRACE mission data

Sea-level fingerprints emergent from GRACE mission data

Sea Level Change and Coastal Climate Services: The Way Forward

Evaluating Model Simulations of Twentieth-Century Sea Level Rise. Part I: Global Mean Sea Level Change

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