Glacier Fluctuation for Six Centuries in Southeastern Alaska and Its Relation to Solar Activity

Lawrence, Donald B.

doi:10.2307/211280

Cited by 86 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Numerous researchers have investigated the role of solar forcing on global or Northern Hemisphere temperatures over the past several centuries and have concluded that solar radiation is an important forcing mechanism, at least until the middle of the twentieth century (Lean et al 1995;Crowley and Kim 1996;Mann et al 1998;Crowley 2000;Mauquoy et al 2004;Reimer 2004;Solanki et al 2004;Ammann et al 2007). Solar minima during the historic period coincide with glacier advances (Lawrence 1950;Wiles et al 2004;Luckman and Wilson 2005;Koch et al 2007a, b), and reconstructed solar irradiance and Northern Hemisphere surface temperature between AD 1610 and 1800 are strongly positively correlated (Lean et al 1995;Crowley and Kim 1996). Three solar indices and two Northern Hemisphere surface temperature reconstructions for the past millennium, prior to AD 1850, also are positively correlated (Crowley 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive glaciers in northwest North America during Medieval time

Koch

Clague

2011

Climatic Change

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The Medieval Warm Period is an interval of purportedly warm climate during the early part of the past millennium. The duration, areal extent, and even existence of the Medieval Warm Period have been debated; in some areas the climate of this interval appears to have been affected more by changes in precipitation than in temperature. Here, we provide new evidence showing that several glaciers in western North America advanced during Medieval time and that some glaciers achieved extents similar to those at the peak of the Little Ice Age, many hundred years later. The advances cannot be reconciled with a climate similar to that of the twentieth century, which has been argued to be an analog, and likely were the result of increased winter precipitation due to prolonged La Niña-like conditions that, in turn, may be linked to elevated solar activity. Changes in solar output may initiate a response in the tropical Pacific that directly impacts the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and associated North Pacific teleconnections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive glaciers in northwest North America during Medieval time

Koch

Clague

2011

Climatic Change

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“…Lawrence (1950aLawrence ( , 1953 placed the earliest recession of the Juneau Ice Field glaciers between 1700 and 1775 and indicated a readvance during the mid-1800's. According to Lawrence (1948) in about 1740 glaciers on Mt. Hood, Oregon stood farthest advanced in recent centuries and during subsequent retreat readvanced about 1840.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of Blue, Hoh, and White Glaciers During Recent Centuries

Heusser¹

1957

ARCTIC

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Glaciers in the Olympic Mountains of western Washington, as elsewhere in North America, enlarged in late-postglacial time and attained positions from which they have receded conspicuously. Former locations of the ice are marked by moraines and overridden surfaces which the regional vegetation is slowly invading. An examination of aerial photographs of glaciers on Mt. Olympus taken in 1939 and 1952 clearly reveals the progress of recession. In 1952 Blue and Hoh glaciers appear rather inactive whereas a photograph of Blue Glacier taken about the turn of the century shows an actively discharging tongue, well in advance of its position in the early 1950's. About 1900 glacier termini were nevertheless well behind positions reached when the ice stood farther down the valleys in past centuries. No written accounts or measurements are available from this pre-1900 period, although the ages of trees growing on moraines and outwash offer the means for fixing positions of the glaciers during the time before the earliest observations. The minimum periods elapsed since glaciers may have been even farther advanced are established by the ages of the oldest trees in the forests beyond the recent outermost limits of the ice. A reconnaissance of Blue and Hoh glaciers and the vicinity of White Glacier was made during the 1955 summer, and the former limits of the ice were determined and dated. The purpose was to record the variations of Mt. Olympus glaciers so that the climate of this region during the last several centuries might be interpreted from these changes and compared with other localities where similar studies have been made. ...

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“…Its post-LIA behavior is similar to more than 2 dozen other Juneau Icefield outlet glaciers. Lawrence (1950) determined that Mendenhall's retreat began between 1767 and 1769 and that by 1910, the terminus had retreated about 1500 m, an average retreat rate of about 10 m/yr. This period of retreat included a readvance that tilted trees in the mid1800s.…”

Section: Coast Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late nineteenth to early twenty-first century behavior of Alaskan glaciers as indicators of changing regional climate

Molnia

2007

Global and Planetary Change

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Glacier Fluctuation for Six Centuries in Southeastern Alaska and Its Relation to Solar Activity

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Extensive glaciers in northwest North America during Medieval time

Extensive glaciers in northwest North America during Medieval time

Variations of Blue, Hoh, and White Glaciers During Recent Centuries

Late nineteenth to early twenty-first century behavior of Alaskan glaciers as indicators of changing regional climate

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