Glaciers and climate in Pacific Far NE Russia during the Last Glacial Maximum

Barr, Iestyn D.; Clark, Chris D.

doi:10.1002/jqs.1450

Cited by 38 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Comparison between attributes was made at a basin scale, whilst regional variations were considered by plotting transects and producing interpolated (kriged) surfaces. Barr and Clark, 2011); and (C) cirque distribution (N = 43), in the SE sector of the Sredinny Mountains. Here, the drainage basin is 825 km 2 , gLGM ice extent covers 603 km 2 , and the cirques cover a total area of 33 km 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sredinny are currently occupied by a number of small cirque-type glaciers, and evidence suggests that, during the past 140 ka, the mountains were entirely ice covered on at least two separate occasions, with glaciers extending off-shore and terminating in the Sea of Okhotsk and the North Pacific (see Bigg et al, 2008;Nürnberg et al, 2011;Barr and Clark, 2012a,b), though the duration and timing of these events remains uncertain (see Bigg et al, 2008;Barr and Clark, 2012b). During the global Last Glacial Maximum (gLGM; ~ 21 ka) specifically, the region was occupied by an ice field (~ 57,363 km 2 ) that covered ~ 92% of the mountain range (Barr and Clark, 2011) (see Fig. 1B).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. (B) The extent of glaciation in the Sredinny Mountains during the global Last Glacial Maximum (according to Barr and Clark, 2011).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the efficacy of the glacial buzzsaw: insights from the Sredinny Mountains, Kamchatka

Barr

Spagnolo

2014

Geomorphology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the efficacy of the glacial buzzsaw: insights from the Sredinny Mountains, Kamchatka

Barr

Spagnolo

2014

Geomorphology

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“…The lack of either geochronology or systematic mapping of the glacial geomorphology has kept Transbaikalia as an empty space on the map between the more closely studied regions of the south Siberian mountains (e.g., Lehmkuhl et al, 2004;Komatsu et al, 2007a, b;Lehmkuhl et al, 2007;Gillespie et al, 2008;Lehmkuhl et al, 2011;Arzhannikov et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2013) and the mountains of far north-east Russia and the Kamchatka peninsula (e.g., Brigham-Grette, 2001;Bigg et al, 2008;Stauch et al, 2007;Stauch and Gualtieri, 2008;Stauch and Lehmkuhl, 2010;Barr and Clark, 2011;2012). This knowledge gap motivated the mapping survey of …”

Section: Glacial Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive glaciation in Transbaikalia, Siberia, at the Last Glacial Maximum

Margold

Jansen

Gurinov

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Successively smaller glacial extents have been proposed for continental Eurasia during the stadials of the last glacial period leading up to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At the same time the large mountainous region east of Lake Baikal, Transbaikalia, has remained unexplored in terms of glacial chronology despite clear geomorphological evidence of substantial past glaciations. We have applied cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence to establish the first quantitative glacial chronology for this region. Based on eighteen exposure ages from five moraine complexes, we propose that large mountain ice fields existed in the Kodar and Udokan mountains during Oxygen Isotope Stage 2, commensurate with the global LGM. These ice fields fed valley glaciers (>100 km in length) reaching down to the Chara Depression between the Kodar and Udokan mountains and to the valley of the Vitim River northwest of the Kodar Mountains. Two of the investigated moraines date to the Late Glacial, but indications of incomplete exposure among some of the sampled boulders obscure the specific details of the post-LGM glacial history. In addition to the LGM ice fields in the highest mountains of Transbaikalia, we report geomorphological evidence of a much more extensive, ice-cap type glaciation at a time that is yet to be firmly resolved. geomorphological evidence of a much more extensive, ice-cap type glaciation at a time that is yet to be firmly resolved. KeywordsGlaciation, Transbaikalia, Last Glacial Maximum, Cosmogenic 1 * * * * * * * * 10Be exposure dating, Optically stimulated luminescence. Highlights-Eighteen 10Be exposure ages on moraines in high mountains of Transbaikalia, Siberia.-Large ice fields existed in the mountains of Transbaikalia at the global LGM.-Lower mountain ranges of Transbaikalia were also heavily glaciated at the LGM.-Evidence exists for an extensive ice cap, the timing of which is yet to be resolved.

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“…This approach relies on chronologically grouping moraines that are assumed to have been deposited synchronously. The processes involved in this grouping are rarely formalised but often involve consideration of moraine morphostratigraphy, location within the landscape, or relative position in a regional sequence (Kerschner and Ivy-Ochs, 2008;Barr and Clark, 2011;Heyman et al, 2011). However, this approach relies on assumptions about moraine deposition and preservation that, as demonstrated in this paper, are not always valid.…”

Section: Can Uncertainty Introduced By Topographic Controls Be Mitigamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of topographic controls on moraine distribution

2014

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Ice-marginal moraines are often used to reconstruct the dimensions of former ice masses, which are then used as proxies for palaeoclimate. This approach relies on the assumption that the distribution of moraines in the modern landscape is an accurate reflection of former ice margin positions during climatically controlled periods of ice margin stability. However, the validity of this assumption is open to question, as a number of additional, nonclimatic factors are known to influence moraine distribution. This review considers the role played by topography in this process, with specific focus on moraine formation, preservation, and ease of identification (topoclimatic controls are not considered). Published literature indicates that the importance of topography in regulating moraine distribution varies spatially, temporally, and as a function of the ice mass type responsible for moraine deposition. In particular, in the case of ice sheets and ice caps ( > 1000 km 2 ), one potentially important topographic control on where in a landscape moraines are deposited is erosional feedback, whereby subglacial erosion causes ice masses to become less extensive over successive glacial cycles. For the marine-terminating outlets of such ice masses, fjord geometry also exerts a strong control on where moraines are deposited, promoting their deposition in proximity to valley narrowings, bends, bifurcations, where basins are shallow, and/or in the vicinity of topographic bumps. Moraines formed at the margins of ice sheets and ice caps are likely to be large and readily identifiable in the modern landscape. In the case of icefields and valley glaciers (10-1000 km 2 ), erosional feedback may well play some role in regulating where moraines are deposited, but other factors, including variations in accumulation area topography and the propensity for moraines to form at topographic pinning points, are also likely to be important. This is particularly relevant where land-terminating glaciers extend into piedmont zones (unconfined plains, adjacent to mountain ranges) where large and readily identifiable moraines can be deposited. In the case of cirque glaciers (< 10 km 2 ), erosional feedback is less important, but factors such as topographic controls on the accumulation of redistributed snow and ice and the availability of surface debris, regulate glacier dimensions and thereby determine where moraines are deposited. In such cases, moraines are likely to be small and particularly susceptible to post-depositional modification, sometimes making them difficult to identify in the modern landscape. Based on this review, we suggest that, despite often being difficult to identify, quantify, and mitigate, topographic controls on moraine distribution should be explicitly considered when reconstructing the dimensions of palaeoglaciers and that moraines should be judiciously chosen before being used as indirect proxies for palaeoclimate (i.e., palaeoclimatic inferences should only be drawn from moraines when topographic controls on mora...

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Glaciers and climate in Pacific Far NE Russia during the Last Glacial Maximum

Cited by 38 publications

References 78 publications

Testing the efficacy of the glacial buzzsaw: insights from the Sredinny Mountains, Kamchatka

Testing the efficacy of the glacial buzzsaw: insights from the Sredinny Mountains, Kamchatka

Extensive glaciation in Transbaikalia, Siberia, at the Last Glacial Maximum

A review of topographic controls on moraine distribution

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