Gladstone's Ethnolinguistics: The Language of Experience in the Nineteenth Century

Hickerson, Nancy P.

doi:10.1086/jar.39.1.3629814

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…has been previously reported that Chfr mediates the degradation of Plk1 in Xenopus cell-free extracts (13), these findings have remained controversial in mammalian systems (16). Plk1 is an important cell-cycle regulator that determines the timing of mitotic entry by controlling cyclin B 1 -associated kinase activity (28 -30).…”

Section: Plk1 Acts As a Downstream Mediator Of Chfr In Controlling Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other studies suggest that Chfr-mediated non-canonical signaling rather than proteasome-mediated destruction of target substrates is important in the response to mitotic stress (11,12,15). Moreover, Plk1 expression in human cell lines does not always correlate with reduced Chfr levels (16,17), suggesting that alternative pathways to modulate the Chfr checkpoint function may exist in mammals. Accordingly, ubiquitylation-mediated signaling and activation of downstream p38 kinase but not proteasome-dependent degradation by Chfr is reported to be necessary for the antephase checkpoint (18) and exclusion of cyclin B 1 from the nucleus by Chfr delays cellcycle progression in response to microtubule damage (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Auto-ubiquitylation of E3 Ubiquitin-protein Ligase Chfr at G2 Phase Is Required for Accumulation of Polo-like Kinase 1 and Mitotic Entry in Mammalian Cells

Kim

Park

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Chfr is a mitotic stress checkpoint protein that delays mitotic entry in response to microtubule damage; however, the molecular mechanism by which Chfr accomplishes this remains elusive. Here, we show that Chfr levels are elevated in response to microtubule-damaging stress. Moreover, G 2 /M transition is associated with cell cycle-dependent turnover of Chfr accompanied by high autoubiquitylation activity, suggesting that regulation of Chfr levels and auto-ubiquitylation activity are functionally significant. To test this, we generated Chfr mutants Chfr-K2A and Chfr-K5A in which putative lysine target sites of auto-ubiquitylation were replaced with alanine. Chfr-K2A did not undergo cell cycle-dependent degradation, and its levels remained high during G 2 /M phase. The elevated levels of Chfr-K2A caused a significant reduction in phosphohistone H3 levels and cyclinB1/Cdk1 kinase activities, leading to mitotic entry delay. Notably, polo-like kinase 1 levels at G 2 phase, but not at S phase, were ϳ2-3-fold lower in cells expressing Chfr-K2A than in wild-type Chfr-expressing cells. Consistent with this, ubiquitylation of Plk1 at G 2 phase was accelerated in Chfr-K2A-expressing cells. In contrast, Aurora A levels remained constant, indicating that Plk1 is a major target of Chfr in controlling the timing of mitotic entry. Indeed, overexpression of Plk1 in Chfr-K2A-expressing cells restored cyclin B1/Cdk1 kinase activity and promoted mitotic entry. Collectively, these data indicate that Chfr auto-ubiquitylation is required to allow Plk1 to accumulate to levels necessary for activation of cyclin B1/Cdk1 kinase and mitotic entry. Our results provide the first evidence that Chfr auto-ubiquitylation and degradation are important for the G 2 /M transition.

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Section: Plk1 Acts As a Downstream Mediator Of Chfr In Controlling Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Auto-ubiquitylation of E3 Ubiquitin-protein Ligase Chfr at G2 Phase Is Required for Accumulation of Polo-like Kinase 1 and Mitotic Entry in Mammalian Cells

Kim

Park

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…William Gladstone, the classical scholar and Prime Minister of Great Britain, seeded a late 19th century controversy with the claim that the evolution of colour vision could be detected in Homer's confusion of the colours of natural objects and, presumably, the failure of his Greek compatriots to notice this. Gladstone surmised that the ancient Greeks must have been colour vision deficient or, as he puts it: “the organ of colour and its impressions were but partially developed among the Greeks of the heroic age.” While not expressly subscribing to Bishop Ussher's renowned calculation of Creation occurring in 4004 B.C., as Hickerson observes, Gladstone was operating in such a time‐scale whereby evidence of sensory evolution would be plausible. Geiger, surveying a range of ancient texts from various civilizations, supplemented this with the notion that humans had evolved from the recent past through stages of colour recognition .…”

Section: Scientific Psychology the Colour Vision Controversy And Glmentioning

confidence: 99%

The arcane roots of colour psychology, chromotherapy, and colour forecasting

Whitfield

Whelton

2013

Color Research & Application

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This article explores the genesis of the apparently disparate fields of colour psychology, chromotherapy, and colour forecasting. They came to the fore during the 20th century, and while ostensibly unrelated, their common ancestry lies in the late 18th and 19th centuries. This period witnessed the discovery of such strange forces as magnetism, electricity, X-rays, and radio waves-in addition to odic forces and the colour aura. These were all invisible, mysterious, and to the public and many prominent scientists, equally plausible. This article traces a major influence back to spiritualism and Theosophy: both privileged colour and attributed powerful influences to it. This legacy remains, though not in the scientific domain. As a construct in both mainstream psychology and the popular press, the very notion of colour psychology poses the question: why colour? Certainly no equivalent "shape psychology," "texture psychology," or "line psychology" as such exists, despite notions of symmetry, harmony and proportion that have engaged mathematicians since Pythagoras' Harmony of the Spheres 1 and philosophers since Aristotle; 2,3 and also classical notions of art and architecture, as evidenced by Polykleitos' Kanon and the Ten Books of Architecture by Vitruvius. 4 More recent efforts to explore the psycho-aesthetic relationship of humans to the visual environment can be seen in work by, for example, Washburn and Crowe 5 on symmetry, and in the efforts of architects like Le Corbusier to implement notions of harmony inspired by the golden mean. 6 Nevertheless, neither "shape," "line," nor "texture" combine with the term "psychology" to form a unique construct.What privileged colour that it should combine with the term psychology? Numerous empirical studies and reviews attest to its establishment in the scientific literature, and within the popular literature it is a staple of home decoration, clothing, and cosmetics. Colour psychology has also been extended into arcane territories whereby personality can be ascertained from it (L€ uscher 7 ), good health can be enjoyed from it (chromotherapy 8 ), and future trends can be discerned within it (colour forecasting agencies 9 ). No equivalent exists in other visual domains. There are no shape forecasting agencies, and good health appears not to be enjoyed from shapes, textures, lines or proportions. Colour is unique. What, therefore, are the reasons for the special status of colour?This article explores the connection between 19th century spiritualism and Theosophy, and early chromoscientific pursuits, and the extension of their influence into the more recent manifestations of chromotherapy and commercial colour forecasting. While chromotherapy may appear arcane, it is contended that colour forecasting is no less so. Both are predicated upon the belief that a fixed, natural order to colour exists that somehow is lawful in both health generation and consumer choice. COLOUR ORDER SYSTEMSEarly notions of affective lawfulness accompanied attempts to construct colour orde...

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Are there nontrivial constraints on colour categorization?

Saunders¹,

1997

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In this target article the following hypotheses are discussed: (1) Colour is autonomous: a perceptuolinguistic and behavioural universal. (2) It is completely described by three independent attributes: hue, brightness, and saturation: (3) Phenomenologically and psychophysically there are four unique hues: red, green, blue, and yellow; (4) The unique hues are underpinned by two opponent psychophysical and/or neuronal channels: red/green, blue/yellow. The relevant literature is reviewed. We conclude: (i) Psychophysics and neurophysiology fail to set nontrivial constraints on colour categorization. (ii) Linguistic evidence provides no grounds for the universality of basic colour categories. (iii) Neither the opponent hues red/green, blue/yellow nor hue, brightness, and saturation are intrinsic to a universal concept of colour. (iv) Colour is not autonomous.

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Gladstone's Ethnolinguistics: The Language of Experience in the Nineteenth Century

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

The Auto-ubiquitylation of E3 Ubiquitin-protein Ligase Chfr at G2 Phase Is Required for Accumulation of Polo-like Kinase 1 and Mitotic Entry in Mammalian Cells

The Auto-ubiquitylation of E3 Ubiquitin-protein Ligase Chfr at G2 Phase Is Required for Accumulation of Polo-like Kinase 1 and Mitotic Entry in Mammalian Cells

The arcane roots of colour psychology, chromotherapy, and colour forecasting

Are there nontrivial constraints on colour categorization?

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