The Contribution of Mineralogy to Cultural Heritage 2019
DOI: 10.1180/emu-notes.20.3
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Glass and other vitreous materials through history

Abstract: Early vitreous materials include homogeneous glass, glassy faience, faience and glazed stones. These materials evolved slowly into more specialized substances such as enamels, engobes, lustres, or even modern metallic glass. The nature and properties of vitreous materials are summarized briefly, with an eye to the historical evolution of glass production in the Mediterranean world. Focus is on the evolution of European, Egyptian, and Near East materials. Notes on Chinese and Indian glass are reported for compa… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Both regions have long been recognised as important glass production zones (Brill 2001;Schibille et al 2018a;Wypyski 2015). Mesopotamia was most likely the birthplace of glassmaking during the Late Bronze Age from where it was subsequently transferred to Egypt (Angelini et al 2019;Kemp et al 2020). While Roman and late antique glasses in Egypt and Greater Syria were typically of a natron-type composition, in Mesopotamia sodarich plant ash was used as the main fluxing agent throughout the Persian, Parthian and Sasanian Empires (Brill 1999;Freestone 2006;Ganio et al 2013;Shortland et al 2018;Van Ham-Meert et al 2019).…”
Section: Glass Production In Mesopotamiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both regions have long been recognised as important glass production zones (Brill 2001;Schibille et al 2018a;Wypyski 2015). Mesopotamia was most likely the birthplace of glassmaking during the Late Bronze Age from where it was subsequently transferred to Egypt (Angelini et al 2019;Kemp et al 2020). While Roman and late antique glasses in Egypt and Greater Syria were typically of a natron-type composition, in Mesopotamia sodarich plant ash was used as the main fluxing agent throughout the Persian, Parthian and Sasanian Empires (Brill 1999;Freestone 2006;Ganio et al 2013;Shortland et al 2018;Van Ham-Meert et al 2019).…”
Section: Glass Production In Mesopotamiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Regarding the investigation of the collection of reverse paintings, it is possible to observe that the main cluster comprised of red, blue and green objects is characterized by a similar and simple composition, which is supposed to have the same origin based on the comparison with already assigned reverse glass paintings 22 and, considering the location of the museum, it could be reasonable that they are coming from Sicily where usually glasses show a low Fe content and are red using soda lime. 31 In light of the other clusters, the presence of elemental outliers can drive the assignment. The light blue and yellow clusters could come from Veneto and, in general, from northern regions, because all of them show a low Fe content and the presence of Mn, usually used to make the glass transparent.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cette valorisation des scories plombifères, produites lors du traitement de la galène pour l'obtention de l'argent, dont le seul équivalent connu à ce jour a été récemment identifié à Šaqunda en Espagne (Schibille et al 2020), présentait deux avantages pour les verriers mellois. Elle leur offrait d'une part un produit de substitution pour faire face à la pénurie de verre calco-sodique rencontrée à cette époque dans l'ensemble de l'Europe occidentale (Angelini et al 2019), et elle leur permettait d'autre part de faire une économie de combustible. La présence systématique d'un excès de soude dans ce type de verre plombifère, par rapport aux scories, met en évidence le recyclage de verres calco-sodiques probablement antiques par ces verriers.…”
Section: Verres Rouges Et Noirsunclassified
“…Les verres de Méditerranée orientale des 2 e et 1 er millénaires avant notre ère Très peu de témoignages subsistent des premières phases du développement de l'industrie verrière entre la seconde moitié du 3 e millénaire et la seconde moitié du 2 e millénaire avant notre ère. Cet artisanat, né quelque part entre la Syrie et la Mésopotamie (Henderson 2013), est probablement lié à celui de la faïence (Angelini et al 2019). C'est surtout à partir du milieu du 2 e millénaire avant notre ère que l'on assiste au développement quasi industriel de cette activité en Mésopotamie et en Égypte.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified