Glass disk fusion method for the X‐ray fluorescence analysis of rocks and silicates

Alvarez, M.

doi:10.1002/xrs.1300190410

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The compositions of these slags shown in Table I were determined by using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. [5] High-temperature experiments were performed to study the extent of the formation of Cr 6+ when a basic slag attacks chromite particles. Chromite particles were used instead of magnesite-chrome refractory because Cr 6+ forms at slag/chromite interface, as shown by our previous study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of hexavalent chromium by reaction between slag and magnesite-chrome refractory

Lee

Nassaralla

1998

Metall Mater Trans B

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The goal of this work was to understand how Cr 6+ formation is affected by the interaction between chromite phases present in magnesite-chrome refractory and different slag compositions. In addition, the formation of Cr 6+ as a function of chromite particle size and cooling rate due to the chromite phase/slag interaction was investigated. The following slag compositions were studied: calcium aluminate, calcium aluminum silicate, and calcium silicate. It was found that the presence of uncombined CaO in the calcium aluminate slags is responsible for a higher yield of Cr 6+ . However, the replacement of Al 2 O 3 by SiO 2 in calcium aluminate slags decreases the formation of Cr 6+ . SiO 2 reacts with CaO to form stable 2CaO⅐Al 2 O 3 ⅐SiO 2 and CaO⅐SiO 2 phases, consequently decreasing the amount of uncombined CaO available to react with the chromite phase to form Cr 6+ . Moreover, the content of Cr 6+ is decreased by increasing chromite particle size and increasing the cooling rate of magnesitechrome refractory.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of hexavalent chromium by reaction between slag and magnesite-chrome refractory

Lee

Nassaralla

1998

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…The sulfur and carbon content were analyzed by a CS-2000 induction furnace ELTRA (Haan, Germany) coupled with an infrared analyzer. The major elementary composition (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe) was determined with a whole rock analysis by fused discs (lithium metaborate fusion) [28][29][30][31] and by multi-acid digestion in the microwave which was followed by analysis using an Optima 3100 ICP-AES instrument (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) to obtain more accurate results for the smaller concentrations of these elements. The elementary chemical composition (As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn) was determined by an Optima 3100 ICP-AES analysis following a multi-acid digestion (HNO 3 -Br 2 -HF-HCl) of 500 mg of a pulverized aliquot in the microwave and by a combined ICP-AES and ICP-MS following a sodium peroxide fusion.…”

Section: Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impact of Mine Exploitation: An Early Predictive Methodology Based on Ore Mineralogy and Contaminant Speciation

et al. 2019

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Mining wastes containing sulfide minerals can generate contaminated waters as acid mine drainage (AMD) and contaminated neutral drainage (CND). This occurs when such minerals are exposed to oxygen and water. Nowadays, mineralogical work—when it is done—is independently and differentially done according to the needs of the exploration, geotechnics, metallurgy or environment department, at different stages in the mine development process. Moreover, environmental impact assessments (EIA) are realized late in the process and rarely contain pertinent mineralogical characterization on ores and wastes, depending on countries’ regulations. Contaminant-bearing minerals are often not detected at an early stage of the mine life cycle and environmental problems could occur during production or once the mine has come to the end of its productive life. This work puts forward a more reliable methodology, based on mineralogical characterization of the ore at the exploration stages, which, in turn, will be useful for each stage of the mining project and limit the unforeseen environmental or metallurgical issues. Three polymetallic sulfide ores and seven gold deposits from various origins around the world were studied. Crushed ore samples representing feed ore of advanced projects and of production mines were used to validate the methodology with realistic cases. The mineralogical methodology consisted in chemical assays and XRD, optical microscopy, SEM and EPMA were done. Five of the ores were also submitted to geochemical tests to compare mineralogical prediction results with their experimental leaching behavior. Major, minor, and trace minerals were identified, quantified, and the bearing minerals were examined for the polluting elements (and valuables). The main conclusion is that detailed mineralogical work can avert redundant work, save time and money, and allow detection of the problems at the beginning of the mine development phase, improving waste management and closure planning.

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“…Matrix or interelement effects, where the intensity of a particular fl uorescence is not directly proportional to the concentration of the element, can be corrected using different mathematical models. Matrix effects may be suppressed when preparing glass discs by the addition of a heavy absorber (Potts, 1987;Alvarez, 1990).…”

Section: Sample Preparation For Surface Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Techniques for Investigating Terrestrial Geochemical Sediments

Smith¹,

McAlister²

2007

Geochemical Sediments and Landscapes

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Glass disk fusion method for the X‐ray fluorescence analysis of rocks and silicates

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Formation of hexavalent chromium by reaction between slag and magnesite-chrome refractory

Formation of hexavalent chromium by reaction between slag and magnesite-chrome refractory

Environmental Impact of Mine Exploitation: An Early Predictive Methodology Based on Ore Mineralogy and Contaminant Speciation

Analytical Techniques for Investigating Terrestrial Geochemical Sediments

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