Glass Fiber–Reinforced Polypropylene

Chu, Philip F.

doi:10.1201/9780203911808.ch9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 124 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The tack adhesion energies obtained using the polypropylene probe (Figure S8c) were consistently lower than for the steel probe (Figure S7c) because the surface energy of the polypropylene probe (ca. 0.02 J/m 2 ) was lower than the steel probe (ca. 0.5 J/m 2 ) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Azide Photochemistry in Acrylic Copolymers for Ultraviolet Cross-Linkable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: Optimization, Debonding-on-Demand, and Chemical Modification

Bakar

Hewitson

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are usually made from viscoelastic, high-molecular-weight copolymers, which are fine-tuned by adjusting the comonomer ratios, molecular weights, and cross-link densities to optimize the adhesion properties for the desired end-use. To create a lightly cross-linked network, an ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiator can be incorporated. Here, we present the first use of perfluorophenylazide chemistry to control precisely a polyacrylate network for application as a PSA. Upon UV irradiation, the highly reactive nitrene from the azide moiety reacts with nearby molecules through a C–H insertion reaction, resulting in cross-linking via covalent bonding. This approach offers three benefits: (1) a means to optimize adhesive properties without the addition of an external photoinitiator; (2) the ability to switch off the tack adhesion on demand via a high cross-linking density; and (3) a platform for additional chemical modification. A series of poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl acrylate) or poly(PFBA-co-BA) copolymers were synthesized and modified post-polymerization into the photo-reactive poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl acrylate) [azide-modified poly(PFBA-co-BA)] with various molar contents. When cast into films, the azide-modified copolymers with a high azide content achieved a very high shear resistance after UV irradiation, whereas the tack and peel adhesion decreased strongly with the increase in azide content, indicating that excessive cross-linking occurred. These materials are thus photo-switchable. However, in the low range of azide content, an optimum probe tack adhesion energy was obtained in films with a 0.3 mol % azide content, where a long stress plateau (indicating good fibrillation) with a high plateau stress was observed. An optimum peel adhesion strength was achieved with 0.5 mol % azide. Thus, the adhesion was finely controlled by the degree of cross-linking of the PSA, as determined by the azide content of the copolymer chain. Finally, as a demonstration of the versatility and advantages of the material platform, we show an azide–aldehyde–amine multicomponent modification of the azide copolymer to make a dye-functionalized film that retains its adhesive properties. This first demonstration of using azide functionality has enormous potential for functional PSA design.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Azide Photochemistry in Acrylic Copolymers for Ultraviolet Cross-Linkable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: Optimization, Debonding-on-Demand, and Chemical Modification

Bakar

Hewitson

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The required large stiffness and strength is usually achieved by fiber reinforcement. Glass fiber (GF) and carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polymers have been used for decades, 9–21 but increasing environmental awareness and also some economical aspects created much interest for natural fiber and wood reinforcement 22–30 . These fibers are not as stiff and strong as glass or carbon, 31 but they have considerable advantages including their natural origin, environmental benefits, small density and low price 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact modification of fiber reinforced polypropylene composites with flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers

Várdai

Lummerstorfer

Pretschuh

et al. 2021

Polymer International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites were prepared by the combination of traditional reinforcements (wood, glass, carbon) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. Interfacial adhesion was improved by the use of maleated PP (MAPP). The composites contained 20 wt% of the traditional reinforcement and the amount of PET fiber changed from 0 to 40 wt% in them. Tensile and impact testing were complemented by acoustic emission testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to follow deformation and failure processes. The results obtained proved that the impact strength of hybrid PP composites can be improved in the presence of all stiff fibers and not only wood as shown earlier. Approximately the same impact resistance can be achieved in all composites, which depends on the amount of PET fiber used; an impact strength as large as 15 kJ m−2 can be obtained with the approach. The large impact resistance is the result of the local deformation processes initiated by the polymeric fiber. Irrespectively of the strength of interfacial adhesion, the main local process is the debonding and/or pullout of the PET fibers, which facilitates also the plastic deformation of the matrix polymer. Other properties depend on the type of the reinforcement and on interfacial adhesion. The application of carbon fibers results in composites with large stiffness, while at good adhesion the strength of glass fiber reinforced composites is the largest. The proper selection of components, composition and interfacial adhesion allows the adjustment of overall composite properties in a relatively wide range. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.

show abstract

“…2,10–12 PP can be blended with elastomers to achieve larger impact strength, 13–15 while its stiffness as well as dimensional stability can be improved by the addition of fillers and fibers. 11,16–18 However, modification alters all properties, some characteristics change in the desired direction, while others deteriorate. Although elastomers improve impact resistance, their addition leads to decreased stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact modification of hybrid polypropylene composites with poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers

Várdai

Ferdinánd

Lummerstorfer

et al. 2021

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites were prepared by the combination of three reinforcing (carbon, glass, and wood) and a synthetic (PVA) fiber. Tensile and impact testing, acoustic emission measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the characterization of the composites as well as to follow deformation and failure processes. The results obtained prove that the novel concept of using synthetic fibers for impact modification can be applied successfully also with PVA fibers. The extent of improvement in impact strength depends on fiber type and content, but also on interfacial adhesion which strongly influences the local deformation processes occurring around the fibers during fracture. Both the reinforcing and the synthetic fibers take part in these processes and contribute to energy consumption. Debonding and the subsequent plastic deformation of the matrix consumes energy the most efficiently, but the fracture of the PVA fibers also requires energy; thus, PVA fibers improve impact resistance both at poor and good adhesion. This approach allows the design of materials for structural applications; the combination of a stiffness of 4–6 GPa and an impact resistance of 20–25 kJ/m2 exceeds the properties of most PP composites available on the market.

show abstract

Glass Fiber–Reinforced Polypropylene

Cited by 5 publications

References 124 publications

Azide Photochemistry in Acrylic Copolymers for Ultraviolet Cross-Linkable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: Optimization, Debonding-on-Demand, and Chemical Modification

Azide Photochemistry in Acrylic Copolymers for Ultraviolet Cross-Linkable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: Optimization, Debonding-on-Demand, and Chemical Modification

Impact modification of fiber reinforced polypropylene composites with flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers

Impact modification of hybrid polypropylene composites with poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About