Glass: The carrier of light—Part II—A brief look into the future of optical fiber

Ballato, John; Dragic, Peter D.

doi:10.1111/ijag.15844

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 276 publications

(423 reference statements)

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“…Aluminosilicate glasses have tremendous technological importance in applications ranging from optical fibers to crack‐resistant display screens 1–3 . A crucial aspect in designing these materials is to understand and control the tendency of the SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 system to phase separate during melt processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO₂–Al₂O₃: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses

et al. 2023

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Understanding and controlling liquid-liquid phase separation in aluminosilicates is crucial for optimizing glass properties. However, the metastable nature of aluminosilicates' phase separation has made it difficult to study experimentally, and uncertainty persists regarding the compositional and temperature extents of the miscibility gap. Here, we present new experimental evidence that suggests a consolute temperature between 1440 and 1590 • C and endmember compositions of 7 and 62 mol.% Al 2 O 3 for the phase-separated glasses. Using containerless melt processing, deeply supercooled liquids over the 0-60 mol.% Al 2 O 3 range are probed with in situ small-and wide-angle X-ray scattering, which simultaneously reveals changes in nanoscale density heterogeneity and atomic structure. Correlations between phase separation and atomic coordination environments are compared for liquids and glasses. Pair distribution function analysis shows mean O-(Si + Al) coordination increases with Al 2 O 3 content and decreases with temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO₂–Al₂O₃: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses

et al. 2023

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“…and different guiding structures (e.g., non-linear waveguides, photonic crystals, semiconductor junction, optoelectronic elements, etc.) contributes to broaden their application horizon towards the achievement of an all-fibre photonic platform [221][222][223][224][225][226]. In this context, ion-exchange in molten salts of noble metals with subsequent thermal post-process may induce the nucleation and growth of plasmon nanoparticles at the end of a possible HOF, whose core is made up of a compound glass suitable for ion-exchange (e.g., silicate, phosphate, tellurite, etc.).…”

Section: New Insight Towards the Development Of Optical Devices Loade...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Glass New World: The Role of Ion-Exchange in Modern Technology

2021

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Glasses, in their different forms and compositions, have special properties that are not found in other materials. The combination of transparency and hardness at room temperature, combined with a suitable mechanical strength and excellent chemical durability, makes this material indispensable for many applications in different technological fields (as, for instance, the optical fibres which constitute the physical carrier for high-speed communication networks as well as the transducer for a wide range of high-performance sensors). For its part, ion-exchange from molten salts is a well-established, low-cost technology capable of modifying the chemical-physical properties of glass. The synergy between ion-exchange and glass has always been a happy marriage, from its ancient historical background for the realisation of wonderful artefacts, to the discovery of novel and fascinating solutions for modern technology (e.g., integrated optics). Getting inspiration from some hot topics related to the application context of this technique, the goal of this critical review is to show how ion-exchange in glass, far from being an obsolete process, can still have an important impact in everyday life, both at a merely commercial level as well as at that of frontier research.

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“…To date, most practical optical fibers are made using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques and are generally limited to very high SiO 2 concentrations with only a few selected dopants. To go beyond the compositional limitations imposed by conventional CVD techniques, [ 7 ] this work investigates lower silica content optical fibers fabricated using a nonconventional (i.e., as opposed to CVD) approach to novel optical fibers, the molten core method (MCM). [ 8 ] The MCM permits large compositional flexibility in the fiber core, and the realization of fibers with “unstable” core compositions, such as those studied here derived from crystalline hosts such as sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ), YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet), or ZrO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Laser Engineering of Molten Core Optical Fibers: Toward a New Generation of Harsh Environment Sensing Devices

Wang

Cavillon

Ballato

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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kW fiber lasers, long-term optical data storage such as Microsoft's "project silica", [1] etc.) and optical sensing (structural health monitoring of engines, deep drilling). [2] In most applications operating in a HT environment, refractory crystalline oxide materials such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) or zirconia (ZrO 2 ) are candidates of choice, due to their high melting points and good resistance to oxidation and abrasion. Furthermore, directionally solidified eutectic ceramics (e.g., unidirectionally solidified Al 2 O 3 /oxide eutectic composite made of perovskite or garnet phase) also can improve thermal stability, [3] as demonstrated for instance in aircraft gas turbines and thermal power generation systems (e.g., operation for 1000 h at 1700 °C).However, other HT applications, such as long-lived data storage for the zettabyte era [1] or optical sensors (down-hole oil/gas exploration, monitoring of structure health, temperature regulation of engines, etc.) require using glass materials that can be functionalized and shaped into chips, disks, planar waveguides or optical fibers. Both the materials and geometric designs need be considered due to practical demands, such as compactness and lightness, flexibility, high-transparency, fast and complex manufacturing shaping, chemical/radioactive/ electromagnetic resistance, and low cost. For these reasons, Aluminosilicate glasses offer wide-ranging potential as enabling materials for a new generation of optical devices operating in harsh environments.In this work, a nonconventional manufacturing process, the molten core method, is employed to fabricate and study sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ) and YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) derived all-glass silicate optical fibers in which a femtosecond (fs) laser is used to imprint oriented nanostructures inside the fiber cores. Both writing kinetics and thermal stability of the laser-modified regions are investigated over a wide temperature range (20-1200 °C). The laser-imprinted modifications in these high alumina-content fibers exhibit improved thermal stability with respect to commercial pure silica and GeO 2doped silica analogs. Furthermore, optical devices in the form of Rayleigh backscattering and fiber Bragg grating sensors are fabricated to demonstrate the high-temperature sensitivity and stability of these nonconventional fibers. This functionalization of aluminosilicate fibers by fs-laser direct writing opens the door to a new generation of optical devices suitable for high-temperature operation.

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Glass: The carrier of light—Part II—A brief look into the future of optical fiber

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 23 publications

References 276 publications

Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO₂–Al₂O₃: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses

Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO₂–Al₂O₃: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses

Towards a Glass New World: The Role of Ion-Exchange in Modern Technology

3D Laser Engineering of Molten Core Optical Fibers: Toward a New Generation of Harsh Environment Sensing Devices

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Glass: The carrier of light—Part II—A brief look into the future of optical fiber

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 23 publications

References 276 publications

Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO2–Al2O3: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses

Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO2–Al2O3: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses

Towards a Glass New World: The Role of Ion-Exchange in Modern Technology

3D Laser Engineering of Molten Core Optical Fibers: Toward a New Generation of Harsh Environment Sensing Devices

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Product

Resources

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Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO₂–Al₂O₃: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses

Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO₂–Al₂O₃: Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses