Glass transition dependence of ultrahigh strain rate response in amine cured epoxy resins

Knorr, Daniel B.; Yu, Jian; Richardson, Adam D.; Hindenlang, Mark D.; McAninch, Ian M.; Scala, John J. La; Lenhart, Joseph L.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2012.09.058

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Along these lines, ballistic characterization of polymers with high velocity projectiles typically results in effective strain rates of 10 4 -10 5 s À1 and has proven to be an appropriate approach for assessing the high rate energy dissipation capability in polymeric materials [6,7]. One way to quantify this high rate dissipation is to measure the V 50 , which is the velocity at which there is a 50% probability of penetrating an aluminum foil witness target behind the sample due to transfer of fragments (i.e., spall), or complete penetration of the sample and witness target by the incoming projectile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V 50 and its kinetic energy related analogue, KE 50 (KE 50 = ½mV 50 2 , where m is the projectile mass), have proved useful in the understanding of the dissipative capability of metals [8] and polymeric composites [9]. Previous work [6] has shown that, for a variety of epoxy resins, the difference between the measurement temperature (T) and the glass transition temperature (T g ), i.e., T-T g , is important in determining the overall energy dissipation ability of epoxy resins at high strain rates. Specifically, epoxy resins with 30°C above room temperature showed the best ability to dissipate energy at ballistic strain rates [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work [6] has shown that, for a variety of epoxy resins, the difference between the measurement temperature (T) and the glass transition temperature (T g ), i.e., T-T g , is important in determining the overall energy dissipation ability of epoxy resins at high strain rates. Specifically, epoxy resins with 30°C above room temperature showed the best ability to dissipate energy at ballistic strain rates [6]. A subsequent study showed that epoxy resins with nanoscale structure composed of glassy and rubbery domains also provided improved ballistic performance [7], but with some compromise in structural parameters such as temperature dependent stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming the structural versus energy dissipation trade-off in highly crosslinked polymer networks: Ultrahigh strain rate response in polydicyclopentadiene

Knorr

Masser

Elder

et al. 2015

Composites Science and Technology

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a b s t r a c tBallistic performance, at effective strain rates of (10 4 -10 5 s À1 ), for polymeric dicyclopentadiene (pDCPD)was compared with two epoxy resin/diamine systems with comparable glass transition temperatures. The high rate response was characterized in terms of a projectile penetration kinetic energy, KE 50 , which describes the projectile kinetic energy at a velocity with a 50% probability of sample penetration. pDCPD showed superior penetration resistance, with a 300-400% improvement in ballistic energy dissipation, when compared with the structural epoxy resins. In addition, unlike typical highly crosslinked networks that become brittle at low temperatures, the improved pDCPD performance occurred over a very broad temperature range (À55 to 75°C), despite exhibiting a glass transition temperature characteristic of structural resins ($142°C). In addition to the high T g , pDCPD exhibited a room temperature glassy storage modulus of 1.7 GPa, offering the potential to circumvent the common structural versus energy dissipation trade-off encountered with conventional crosslinked polymers. Quasi-static measurements suggested that the performance of pDCPD is phenomenologically related to higher fracture toughness and lower yield stress relative to typical epoxies, while molecular dynamics simulations suggest the origin is the lack of strong non-covalent interactions and the facile formation of nanoscale voids to accommodate strain in pDCPD.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming the structural versus energy dissipation trade-off in highly crosslinked polymer networks: Ultrahigh strain rate response in polydicyclopentadiene

Knorr

Masser

Elder

et al. 2015

Composites Science and Technology

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“…Cross-linked polymer networks are widely used in commercial and military applications, where they function as structural and protective materials [1][2][3]. In particular, the resistance of crosslinked polymers to high strain rate impact events is desirable for many applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the resistance of crosslinked polymers to high strain rate impact events is desirable for many applications. Accordingly, numerous experimental studies of cross-linked polymers, such as epoxy resins, have been conducted with the overall goal of improving impact resistance [1,[4][5][6]. Although epoxy resins are widely used in applications requiring ballistic performance, resins with the high strength and stiffness necessary for structural applications typically have inferior toughness [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular simulation study of the glass transition of cross-linked poly(dicyclopentadiene) networks

Elder¹,

Andzelm²,

Sirk³

2015

Chemical Physics Letters

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a b s t r a c tCross-linked polymer networks are widely used as structural and protective materials, which require strength and toughness. Experiments have shown that cross-linked poly(dicyclopentadiene) (pDCPD) networks provide similar strength but superior fracture toughness relative to commonly-used network chemistries like epoxy. To better understand pDCPD, we use atomistic molecular dynamics to study the properties of pDCPD networks across the glass transition as a function of molecular weight between crosslinks. Moreover, we identify molecular mechanisms that potentially control mechanical and transport properties. The alpha-relaxation (the glass transition) is linked to intra-chain motions and large-scale segmental motions, while sub-T g relaxations are linked with more localized motions.

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Mechanical Properties of FeCr‐Based Composite Materials Elaborated by Liquid Metal Dealloying towards Bioapplication

et al. 2020

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Liquid metal dealloying (LMD) is a new technology to create porous materials. From a (FeCr) x-Ni 1-x precursor, it is possible to get a bicontinuous structure of FeCr and Mg: a metal-metal composite. An etching step removes the Mg solidstate solution phase to give a metal-air composite. The last step, polymer infiltration, gives metal-polymer composites. Herein, metal-metal, metal-air, and metal-polymer (rubbery or glassy polymers) with three different phase ratios are elaborated by LMD from Ni-based precursors and their mechanical properties are analyzed. A full polymer infiltration into the pores is obtained and the epoxy polymer properties are not affected by the metallic foam presence. Concerning control of the mechanical properties, the material's second-phase selection is a key factor. Herein, it is shown that the mechanical properties are easily designed by optimizing phase ratio, ligament size, and second-phase type and that these materials are promising materials for biomedical applications.

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Glass transition dependence of ultrahigh strain rate response in amine cured epoxy resins

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Overcoming the structural versus energy dissipation trade-off in highly crosslinked polymer networks: Ultrahigh strain rate response in polydicyclopentadiene

Overcoming the structural versus energy dissipation trade-off in highly crosslinked polymer networks: Ultrahigh strain rate response in polydicyclopentadiene

A molecular simulation study of the glass transition of cross-linked poly(dicyclopentadiene) networks

Mechanical Properties of FeCr‐Based Composite Materials Elaborated by Liquid Metal Dealloying towards Bioapplication

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