Glass transition of rigid polyurethane foams derived from sodium lignosulfonate mixed with diethylene, triethylene and polyethylene glycols

Hatakeyama, Tatsuko; Matsumoto, Yukio; Asano, Yasuhiro; Hatakeyama, Hyōe

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2002.12.002

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Polyurethane foam was prepared from kraft lignin using polyethylene glycol as solvent [8]. Water-soluble lignosulfonate from sulfite pulping was used to prepare rigid polyurethane foams in glycols [9]. Lignin from straw steam explosion was also investigated for polyurethane preparation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of replacing polyol by organosolv and kraft lignin on the property and structure of rigid polyurethane foam

Pan

Saddler

2013

Biotechnol Biofuels

196

139

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BackgroundLignin is one of the three major components in plant cell walls, and it can be isolated (dissolved) from the cell wall in pretreatment or chemical pulping. However, there is a lack of high-value applications for lignin, and the commonest proposal for lignin is power and steam generation through combustion. Organosolv ethanol process is one of the effective pretreatment methods for woody biomass for cellulosic ethanol production, and kraft process is a dominant chemical pulping method in paper industry. In the present research, the lignins from organosolv pretreatment and kraft pulping were evaluated to replace polyol for producing rigid polyurethane foams (RPFs).ResultsPetroleum-based polyol was replaced with hardwood ethanol organosolv lignin (HEL) or hardwood kraft lignin (HKL) from 25% to 70% (molar percentage) in preparing rigid polyurethane foam. The prepared foams contained 12-36% (w/w) HEL or 9-28% (w/w) HKL. The density, compressive strength, and cellular structure of the prepared foams were investigated and compared. Chain extenders were used to improve the properties of the RPFs.ConclusionsIt was found that lignin was chemically crosslinked not just physically trapped in the rigid polyurethane foams. The lignin-containing foams had comparable structure and strength up to 25-30% (w/w) HEL or 19-23% (w/w) HKL addition. The results indicated that HEL performed much better in RPFs and could replace more polyol at the same strength than HKL because the former had a better miscibility with the polyol than the latter. Chain extender such as butanediol could improve the strength of lignin-containing RPFs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of replacing polyol by organosolv and kraft lignin on the property and structure of rigid polyurethane foam

Pan

Saddler

2013

Biotechnol Biofuels

196

139

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“…By using the macrodiol as both the solvent and comonomer, they improved the reactivity of lignin's hydroxyl groups; the use of macrodiol allows for the introduction of flexible oligoether as a spacer among the aromatic domains, thus reducing the stiffness of the chain. Lignosulfonate materials from sulfite pulping and Kraft lignin were used to prepare rigid polyurethane foams, whereas flexible foams were recently successfully synthesized by Cinelli et al . with a green synthesis approach based on the use of glycerol, polyethylene glycol and microwave heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the lignin based synthesis of flexible polyurethane foams employing reactive liquefying agents

et al. 2015

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The present work is focused on the optimization of a green process based on the employment of by-products obtained from wood treatments as raw materials for producing flexible polyurethane foams. More specifically, lignin was employed in flexible polyurethane foams in order to partially replace the usual fossil polyols; therefore glycerol (GLY) and glycerin polyglycidyl ether (EJ 300) were used as the polyol fraction for lignin liquefaction. Polypropylene glycol triol was used as a chain extender in different ratios with liquefaction solvents, and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate as an isocyanate fraction. Liquefaction of lignin was performed by microwave irradiation, thus reducing the processing time and energy required compared to present industrial production processes. All the foams were produced in controlled expansion through the adoption of a 'one-shot' approach, using water as a blowing agent and with an isocyanate index (NCO/OH) of less than 100 to improve the flexibility of the foam. This approach allowed for the substitution of up to 12% of common petro derived polyol with commercial soda lignin. Finally, the foams were characterized, presenting properties that could be modulated as a function of lignin content, GLY/EJ 300 ratio and isocyanate index. The qualities of the foams were compatible with existing materials used for furniture and for the interiors of car seats and couches.

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“…In this account, metal salts of LS have often been used as dispersants in a wide range of industrial fields. [6] Because LS salts are very cheap and largely available in the market, [7] value-added conversions of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS, 800 000 tons per year) into fine chemicals have also been explored. [8] However, existence of sulfur in lignosulfonate precluded the possible application of novel metal-based catalysts, such as Pd and Pt, in its value-added conversions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Waste Biomass to Solid Support: Lignosulfonate as a Cost‐Effective and Renewable Supporting Material for Catalysis

Sun

Bai

2013

Chemistry A European J

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Lignosulfonate (LS) is an organic waste generated as a byproduct of the cooking process in sulfite pulping in the manufacture of paper. In this paper, LS was used as an anionic supporting material for immobilizing cationic species, which can then be used as heterogeneous catalysts in some organic transformations. With this strategy, three lignin-supported catalysts were prepared including 1) lignin-SO3 Sc(OTf)2 , 2) lignin-SO3 Cu(OTf), and 3) lignin-IL@NH2 (IL=ionic liquid). These solid materials were then examined in many organic transformations. It was finally found that, compared with its homogeneous counterpart as well as some other solid catalysts that are prepared by using different supports with the same metal or catalytically active species, the lignin-supported catalysts showed better performance in these reactions not only in terms of activity but also with regard to recyclability.

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Glass transition of rigid polyurethane foams derived from sodium lignosulfonate mixed with diethylene, triethylene and polyethylene glycols

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of replacing polyol by organosolv and kraft lignin on the property and structure of rigid polyurethane foam

Effect of replacing polyol by organosolv and kraft lignin on the property and structure of rigid polyurethane foam

Optimizing the lignin based synthesis of flexible polyurethane foams employing reactive liquefying agents

From Waste Biomass to Solid Support: Lignosulfonate as a Cost‐Effective and Renewable Supporting Material for Catalysis

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