Glaucoma, 1956-1957

Becker, Bernard

doi:10.1001/archopht.1957.00940010884008

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This will show the extent to which the difference in employment rates between two ethnic groups is due to differences in their observed characteristics (the "explained" part of the employment gap), or to differences in their respective parameter estimates (the "unexplained" part, reflecting differences in discrimination and/or differences in unobserved characteristics between the two groups). Recent research has attempted to relate the empirical measure of discrimination more closely to that proposed in Becker (1957) and Arrow (1972). Oaxaca and Ransom (1994) estimated the competitive wage structure that would exist in the absence of discrimination and used this as a weighting factor in the decomposition of the wage gap.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adopted Children in the Labour Market — Discrimination or Unobserved Characteristics?

Rooth

2002

International Migration

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Detecting ethnic discrimination in the labour market using individual data is aggravated by individual ethnic-specific characteristics that are unobserved by the researcher.In an attempt to estimate the effect of skin colour on the probability of being employed (vs, unemployed), the labour market success of foreign-born adopted individuals is compared with that of natives. Specifically, the unexplained differences in the probability of being employed between natives and adoptees is investigated using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methodology.It is found that adoptees with dissimilar looks to natives fare worse in the labour market, measured as a lower probability of being employed, than natives, and that these differences can be attributed to an unexplained difference rather than a difference in characteristics observed by the researcher. Also, such large differences are not found for adoptees with a similar appearance to natives. Hence, we cannot exclude the possibility that skin colour discrimination exists in the labour market.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adopted Children in the Labour Market — Discrimination or Unobserved Characteristics?

Rooth

2002

International Migration

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“…Map 1 plots on a map of employment rates for out of school males aged [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Outlined on the map are all of the tracts in the city where PBLACK exceeds 50 percent.…”

Section: Fixed Effects Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Are There Teenage Jobs Missing in the Ghetto?

Ellwood

1983

142

187

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The author is extremely grateful to Eric Seller for many very helpful suggestions and for his help in the preliminary analysis. Eric Schlaikjer provided outstanding research assistance. I would also like to thank Richard Freeman and John Kain. This research project was funded in part by the Rockfeller Foundation and by the U. rates of unemployment among black youth can be linked to a geographic mismatch between the residences of black youth and the jobs they might occupy. Chicago's labor market is examined in detail. The paper reports that black youth do in fact seem to live further from jobs than white youth do. However, the differences are not great enough to generate large differences in employment rates unless geographic search costs are very high. To explore the possible impact the differences really do have, a wide variety of models are examined and estimated. These models uniformly reject the hypothesis that a geographic mismatch is a major cause for black-white differences. Blacks who live near large concentrations of jobs seem to fair only slightly better than those who live far from such concentrations. And in areas where whites and blacks live in close geographic proximity, the racial employment differences remain very large.

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Ophthalmic Pharmacology and Toxicology

Wm¹

1958

Archives of Ophthalmology

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Glaucoma, 1956-1957

Cited by 24 publications

References 263 publications

Adopted Children in the Labour Market — Discrimination or Unobserved Characteristics?

Adopted Children in the Labour Market — Discrimination or Unobserved Characteristics?

The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Are There Teenage Jobs Missing in the Ghetto?

Ophthalmic Pharmacology and Toxicology

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