Glaucoma and Alzheimer Disease: One Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease of the Brain

Mancino, Raffaele; Martucci, Alessio; Cesareo, Massimo; Giannini, Clarissa; Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana; Bagetta, Giacinto; Nucci, Carlo Alberto

doi:10.2174/1570159x16666171206144045

Cited by 124 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Moreover, various eye-specific pathologies such as AMD and glaucoma share characteristics of other CNS pathologies. [3][4][5][6] Similarities in the structure of senile plaques observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with drusen in AMD have been demonstrated, and it has been suggested that AMD pathophysiology may have common molecular pathways with neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS. [4][5][6] Neurotrophic factors are a class of regulatory proteins of nervous tissue that promote the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of neurons and protect them from apoptosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Correlation With Retinal Layer Thicknesses

Tekin

Şekeroğlu

Demirtaş

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To determine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in serum and aqueous humor (AH) and to assess the relationship between BDNF levels and retinal layer thicknesses in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS.A total of 48 AMD patients (AMD group) that was composed of twenty-three nonexudative and 25 exudative patients and 26 control subjects (control group) were included in the study. Serum and AH BDNF levels were assessed by ELISA method. Retinal layer thicknesses were calculated by segmentation analysis of optical coherence tomography. RESULTS.The mean BDNF levels in AH were found to be significantly lower in both the nonexudative and exudative AMD groups than in the control group (P ¼ 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively). Optical coherence tomography segmentation analysis revealed that the total average retina pigment epithelium thickness was statistically significantly thinner in the nonexudative AMD group compared with the exudative AMD and control groups (P ¼ 0.001 and P ¼ 0.040, respectively). The total average outer nuclear layer (ONL) thicknesses of nonexudative and exudative AMD cases were reduced compared to control group; however, the decrement was statistically significant only in the nonexudative AMD group (P ¼ 0.009). In the correlation analysis of BDNF levels with retinal layer thicknesses, statistically significant correlations exist between BDNF levels of AH with ONL thicknesses in cases of AMD and with retina pigment epithelium thicknesses in the nonexudative AMD group.CONCLUSIONS. BDNF concentrations in AH decreased in the AMD group and this decrease correlates with outer retinal layer thicknesses. Low BDNF levels detected in the AMD group may be insufficient to protect the photoreceptors, resulting in thinning of ONL.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Correlation With Retinal Layer Thicknesses

Tekin

Şekeroğlu

Demirtaş

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Firstly, the age of glaucoma onset is relatively earlier than the age of dementia occurrence, for which the follow up period of the current study might be inadequate [1,15]. On the other hand, the current study included multiple covariates that would lead to the development of dementia in the regression analysis, while the previous study only compared the relationship between glaucoma and dementia with a small study population [17]. Further study is suggested to investigate this issue more completely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Several researchers have discussed the relationship between dementia and eye diseases [17,31,32]. In one study, the percentage of glaucoma was significantly higher in those with dementia, and vice versa [17]. Another retrospective study illustrated that OAG was associated with AD but not PD [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative eye disease featuring optic neuropathy and stands as the most common cause of legal blindness in developed countries [15,16]. A previous study demonstrated that glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease could co-exist in the elderly [17], which may be due to the similar neurodegenerative features [18]. On the other hand, the degree of glaucoma is various; some can be easily controlled by single medications, while destructive surgery may be warranted for refractory cases [15,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the Severities of Glaucoma on the Incidence of Subsequent Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Kuo

Chung²,

Hsu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between the severity of glaucoma and subsequent dementia using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Subjects with glaucoma were selected into the study group after an exclusion process, and each subject in the study group was propensity score-matched to another non-glaucoma patient that constituted the control group. The Cox proportional hazard regression that considered multiple potential risk factors of dementia was used to yield the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of dementia in different severities of glaucoma. There were 1185 (5.63 percent) subjects in the study group and 1119 (5.32 percent) patients in the control group that developed dementia. After adjusting for multiple confounders, there were no differences in the rate of any dementia (aHR: 0.961, 95% CI: 0.886–1.043, p = 0.3443), vascular dementia (aHR: 0.928, 95% CI: 0.846–1.018, p = 0.1154), Alzheimer’s disease (aHR: 1.018, 95% CI: 0.761–1.362, p = 0.9025) or Parkinson’s disease (aHR: 1.021, 95% CI: 0.886–1.176, p = 0.7744) between the study and the control groups. Regarding the disease severity of glaucoma, no difference was found in any type of dementia whether the glaucoma patients received less than two medical treatments, received more than two medical treatments, received drainage surgeries or received destructive surgeries. In conclusion, the different severities of glaucoma do not alter the incidence of subsequent dementia.

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“…A few candidate analytes for vaccine have already been indicated in literature for AD. The notion that AD is etiopathogenically similar to glaucoma [90][91][92][93] bolsters the aim of testing the same list on RGCs as well. Factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor are potential candidates for this approach.…”

Section: Glaucoma Where No Gene Is Known To Be Mutatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine development for glaucoma: From skepticism to certitude

Qadri¹,

Sofi²,

Sainulabdeen³

et al. 2019

cleverjournal

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Vaccines are conventionally thought to be a strategy to thwart the onset of any disease caused by pathogens. The elementary foundation for this concept is the ability of the immune system to discriminate between what is native to the body and what is foreign. This molecular xenophobia can, in principle, be exploited to prime the body to fight and neutralize any potentially disease-causing organism or moiety. For chronic disorders, preventive measures mediated through immune system modulation have been tried with little success yet the optimism for developing strategies of modulating the immune system is growing day by day as new techniques and animal models are being developed. Given the high prevalence of glaucoma and the ability of glaucoma experts to identify high-risk individuals, preventive regimens, and vaccine-like-substances can be developed to bring down the incidence. In this paper, we will discuss some preliminary efforts of vaccine development in glaucoma. We will also deliberate on the technical difficulties in developing effective vaccines for this disorder. In addition, we will try to identify measures with potential to transform the consistent toil of researchers in this field into an efficacious endeavor. We will attempt to recognize certain plausible methodologies that are likely to take the science of vaccine development for glaucoma (and other neurodegenerative disorders) somewhat nearer to the optimistic frontiers.

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Glaucoma and Alzheimer Disease: One Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease of the Brain

Cited by 124 publications

References 83 publications

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Correlation With Retinal Layer Thicknesses

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Correlation With Retinal Layer Thicknesses

Impact of the Severities of Glaucoma on the Incidence of Subsequent Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Vaccine development for glaucoma: From skepticism to certitude

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