Glaucoma: now and beyond

Jayaram, Hari; Kolko, Miriam; Friedman, David S; Gazzard, Gus

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01289-8

Cited by 91 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Glaucoma affected an estimated 3.54% of the global population, impacting approximately 79 million individuals and causing visual impairment and daily activity disruptions for many more ( Tham et al, 2014 ). Presently, there were no available treatments to restore lost vision from glaucoma, emphasizing the importance of early detection and effective intervention ( Jayaram et al, 2023 ). While lowering intraocular pressure had benefited numerous glaucoma patients, its clinical efficacy for an increasing number of individuals remained inadequate ( Jayaram et al, 2023 ; Traverso et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, there were no available treatments to restore lost vision from glaucoma, emphasizing the importance of early detection and effective intervention ( Jayaram et al, 2023 ). While lowering intraocular pressure had benefited numerous glaucoma patients, its clinical efficacy for an increasing number of individuals remained inadequate ( Jayaram et al, 2023 ; Traverso et al, 2023 ). Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms driving glaucoma development and devising novel therapies based on these mechanisms were crucial for enhancing clinical outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of immune-related biomarkers for glaucoma using gene expression profiling

Wang,

Pu,

Tan

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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Introduction: Glaucoma, a principal cause of irreversible vision loss, is characterized by intricate optic neuropathy involving significant immune mechanisms. This study seeks to elucidate the molecular and immune complexities of glaucoma, aiming to improve our understanding of its pathogenesis.Methods: Gene expression profiles from glaucoma patients were analyzed to identify immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Techniques used were weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for network building, machine learning algorithms for biomarker identification, establishment of subclusters related to immune reactions, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to explore hub genes’ relationships with immune cell infiltration and immune pathway activation. Validation was performed using an NMDA-induced excitotoxicity model and RT-qPCR for hub gene expression measurement.Results: The study identified 409 DEGs differentiating healthy individuals from glaucoma patients, highlighting the immune response’s significance in disease progression. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed elevated levels of activated dendritic cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and immature dendritic cells in glaucoma samples. Three hub genes, CD40LG, TEK, and MDK, were validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers for high-risk glaucoma patients, showing increased expression in the NMDA-induced excitotoxicity model.Discussion: The findings propose the three identified immune-related genes (IRGs) as novel diagnostic markers for glaucoma, offering new insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. The strong correlation between these IRGs and immune responses underscores the intricate role of immunity in glaucoma, suggesting a shift in the approach to its diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of immune-related biomarkers for glaucoma using gene expression profiling

Wang,

Pu,

Tan

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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“…Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is a chronic, degenerative disease of the optic nerve ( Jayaram et al, 2023 ). Several known risk factors for glaucoma include elevated intraocular pressure, age, genetic background, thinning of the cornea and vascular disorders, and one of the most important is increased intraocular pressure, which is caused by the resistance of fluid flow through the trabecular meshwork ( Weinreb et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Advances In Nascent Lymphatics In Multiple Ocular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New targets of nascent lymphatic vessels in ocular diseases

Wu,

Ma,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Recent advancements in the field of endothelial markers of lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenic factors have shed light on the association between several ocular diseases and ocular nascent lymphatic vessels. The immune privilege of corneal tissue typically limits the formation of lymphatic vessels in a healthy eye. However, vessels in the eyes can potentially undergo lymphangiogenesis and be conditionally activated. It is evident that nascent lymphatic vessels in the eyes contribute to various ocular pathologies. Conversely, lymphatic vessels are present in the corneal limbus, ciliary body, lacrimal glands, optic nerve sheaths, and extraocular muscles, while a lymphatic vasculature-like system exists in the choroid, that can potentially cause several ocular pathologies. Moreover, numerous studies indicate that many ocular diseases can influence or activate nascent lymphatic vessels, ultimately affecting patient prognosis. By understanding the mechanisms underlying the onset, development, and regression of ocular nascent lymphatic vessels, as well as exploring related research on ocular diseases, this article aims to offer novel perspectives for the treatment of such conditions.

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“…The number of patients with glaucoma is estimated to exceed 100 million by 2040 [ 3 ]. Glaucoma remains asymptomatic until the occurrence of vision loss, and approximately 50% of patients are thought to have undiagnosed and untreated glaucoma [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Glaucoma

Wu,

Wei,

Chen

et al. 2024

CDT

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Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration and loss of visual field. Pathological increased intraocular pressure is its main modifiable risk factor. Rho kinase inhibitors are developed as a new class of glaucoma medication that increases outflow facility from the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway. Additionally, they also have neuropective and anti-scarring effects that can might increase the success rate of glaucoma filtration surgery. This review aims to summarize the current concept of Rho kinase inhibitor in the treatment of glaucoma from beach to bedside.

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Glaucoma: now and beyond

Cited by 91 publications

References 143 publications

Identification of immune-related biomarkers for glaucoma using gene expression profiling

Identification of immune-related biomarkers for glaucoma using gene expression profiling

New targets of nascent lymphatic vessels in ocular diseases

Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Glaucoma

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