Glaucoma screening in Western Cameroon

Preußner, Paul-Rolf; Großmann, Allegra; Ngounou, Faustin; Kouogan, Gabriel; Tamon, James

doi:10.1007/s00417-009-1166-7

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this survey, the prevalence of OAG was 8.4% (CI 7.74-9.06%) in those 30 years and older, which is likely to be an over estimate. A study reported from western Cameroon,71 which also used a voluntary sample, reported the prevalence of glaucoma to be 8.2% (CI not reported). Another study in Nigeria70 excluded persons with IOP greater than 21 mmHg and did not assess VFs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of nine studies20–2367–71 were identified and all were included [Table 3]. Using the STROBE guidelines,6566 three were classified as good,20–22 one was satisfactory67 and five had incomplete reporting 2368–71…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the STROBE guidelines,6566 three were classified as good,20–22 one was satisfactory67 and five had incomplete reporting 2368–71…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of glaucoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence, incidence and risk factors

Kyari

Abdull

Bastawrous

et al. 2013

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol

124

107

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Purpose:The purpose of this study is to review the epidemiology of different types of glaucoma relevant to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to discuss the evidence regarding the risk factors for onset and progression of glaucoma, including risk factors for glaucoma blindness.Methods:Electronic databases (PubMed, MedLine, African Journals Online- AJOL) were searched using the full text, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, author(s) and title to identify publications since 1982 in the following areas: population-based glaucoma prevalence and incidence studies in SSA and in African-derived black populations outside Africa; population-based prevalence and incidence of blindness and visual impairment studies in SSA including rapid assessment methods, which elucidate the glaucoma-specific blindness prevalence; studies of risk factors for glaucoma; and publications that discussed public health approaches for the control of glaucoma in Africa.Results:Studies highlighted that glaucoma in SSA is a public health problem and predominantly open-angle glaucoma. It is the second-leading cause of blindness, has a high prevalence, an early onset and progresses more rapidly than in Caucasians. These factors are further compounded by poor awareness and low knowledge about glaucoma even by persons affected by the condition.Conclusion:Glaucoma care needs to be given high priority in Vision 2020 programs in Africa. Many questions remain unanswered and there is a need for further research in glaucoma in SSA in all aspects especially epidemiology and clinical care and outcomes involving randomized controlled trials. Genetic and genome-wide association studies may aid identification of high-risk groups. Social sciences and qualitative studies, health economics and health systems research will also enhance public health approaches for the prevention of blindness due to glaucoma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of glaucoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence, incidence and risk factors

Kyari

Abdull

Bastawrous

et al. 2013

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol

124

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1,2 Thus it is of pragmatic significance to understand the distribution and risk factors of IOP for glaucoma prevention and prognosis. Many factors, such as age, [3][4][5][6] body mass index (BMI), 7 blood pressure (BP), 5,8 blood glucose, 9,10 central corneal thickness (CCT), 4 have been reported to associate with IOP, but their results were not entirely consistent in all studies, and the potential risk factors in their analysis were failed to account due to lack of data. Therefore, population-based studies with larger sample size and detailed information are needed to better understand these issues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular Pressure in General and Diabetic Populations From Southern China: the Dongguan Eye Study

Cui

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To investigate the distribution and risk factors for intraocular pressure (IOP) among general and diabetic populations in Southern China. METHODS. The study participants aged 40 years or older were enrolled from the Dongguan Eye Study, a population-based cross-sectional study from September 2011 to February 2012. Systemic and ophthalmic examinations were performed, and diabetes status was screened based on the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria (2010). IOP was measured by a noncontact tonometer per standardized protocol. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between potential risk factors and IOP. RESULTS. A total of 2112 subjects were included with a median age of 55 years. IOP for general population showed a near normal distribution with an average of 15.58 6 3.27 mm Hg. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher IOP was significantly correlated with younger age, higher body mass index (BMI), shorter height, higher blood pressure (BP), higher fasting blood glucose (FBG), higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and thicker central corneal thickness (CCT). There was no association between diabetes status and IOP after adjusting for possible confounders. IOP for diabetic participants showed a right-skewed distribution. Risk factors for IOP elevation in diabetes included female, younger age, higher BP, higher LDL-C, lower HDL-C, and thicker CCT. CONCLUSIONS. The present study identifies risk factors for elevated IOP in general and diabetic populations. Younger age and lower HDL-C, as well as higher BP, LDL-C, and CCT were significant factors contributing to higher IOP, especially in the female diabetic population.

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“…Index cases can be used to identify and screen first degree relatives [27]. Cup to disc ratios can be assessed although some studies have shown high ratios with normal IOP [28]. Employee screening can be employed to detect cases early [29].…”

Section: The Challenge Of Screening For Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Properties of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Nigeria

Abdu

2013

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Background. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is progressive chronic optic neuropathy in adults in which intraocular pressure (IOP) and other currently unknown factors contribute to damage. POAG is the second commonest cause of avoidable blindness in Nigeria. Pattern of Presentation. POAG is characterized by late presentation. Absence of pain which is a driving force for seeking medical help, inadequacy of trained eye care personnel, paucity of facilities, misdistribution of resources, lack of awareness, poor education, and poverty may all contribute to this. Medical and surgical treatment options available are challenging and tasking. Screening for Glaucoma. Screening is the presumptive identification of unrecognized disease (POAG) by applying test(s) which can be applied rapidly. Such test(s) should be of high reliability, validity, yield, acceptable, and cost effective. The test should ideally be sensitive, specific, and efficient. It is difficult to select a suitable test that meets these criteria. Intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be the easiest option. But, high IOP is not diagnostic nor does normal value exclude the disease. Health education is a possible strategy in early case detection and management. Treatment of POAG. Glaucoma treatment can either be medical or surgical (this includes laser). Considering unavailability, potency, cost, and long-term effects of medication, surgery (trabeculectomy) could be a better option. Laser trabeculoplasty is available in a few centers. Viscocanalostomy is not routinely performed. Patient education is vital to success as management is for life. Conclusion. POAG remains a cause of avoidable blindness in Nigeria. There is need for long-term strategy to identify patients early and institute prompt management. Improvement in training of eye care personnel and provision of up to date equipment is essential in achieving this goal.

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Glaucoma screening in Western Cameroon

Abstract: Compared to Europe, glaucoma prevalence appears to be nearly an order of magnitude higher in this rural African population.

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiology of glaucoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence, incidence and risk factors

Epidemiology of glaucoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence, incidence and risk factors

Intraocular Pressure in General and Diabetic Populations From Southern China: the Dongguan Eye Study

Epidemiological Properties of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Nigeria

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