Glaucoma Treatment and Hydrogel: Current Insights and State of the Art

Fea, Antonio Maria; Novarese, Cristina; Caselgrandi, Paolo; Boscia, Giacomo

doi:10.3390/gels8080510

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…According to Malik et al, GDD implantation is associated with 5-year success rates of over 70% in primary childhood glaucoma, and trabeculectomy remains an effective procedure in compliant patients in whom multiple postoperative examinations under anesthesia are possible [22]. Aqueous gels formulated using hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels) and those based on stimuli-responsive polymers (in situ gelling or gel-forming systems) have attracted increasing interest in the treatment of several eye diseases [23]. Improved drug delivery systems may inhibit fibroblast proliferation and yield better surgical outcomes in TLE with mitomycin and GDD implantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Prognostic Factors for Glaucoma Associated with Peters Anomaly

Yokota,

Hirooka,

Okada

et al. 2023

JCM

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Glaucoma secondary to Peters anomaly is an important factor affecting visual prognosis, but there are few reports on the condition. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of glaucoma associated with Peters anomaly and glaucoma surgery outcomes. This retrospective study included 31 eyes of 20 patients with Peters anomaly. Peters anomaly was classified into three stages: Stage 1, with a posterior corneal defect only; Stage 2, a corneal defect with iridocorneal adhesion; and Stage 3, a corneal defect with lens abnormalities. The associations between glaucoma and anterior segment dysgenesis severity, visual prognosis, and glaucoma surgery outcomes were analyzed. Sixteen eyes of ten patients developed glaucoma. Stage 1 Peters anomaly had no glaucoma, 52% of Stage 2 had glaucoma, and 75% of Stage 3 had glaucoma. Of the 16 eyes with glaucoma, 11 underwent surgery. Eight of these eleven eyes achieved intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Five of the nine eyes that underwent trabeculotomy (TLO) succeeded, and none had corneal staphyloma. Three of the four eyes for which TLO was ineffective had corneal staphyloma (p = 0.0331). Patients with Peters anomaly are more likely to develop glaucoma as anterior segment dysgenesis progresses, and the effect of TLO is limited if corneal staphyloma is present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Prognostic Factors for Glaucoma Associated with Peters Anomaly

Yokota,

Hirooka,

Okada

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…Glaucoma is a neuropathy characterized by loss of the visual field and blindness caused by the destruction of ganglion cells [228,229]. While clinical trials have shown promising results in reducing intraocular pressure, existing non-hydrogel methods entail adverse effects such as ocular inflammation, itching, or visual disturbances from topical treatments [228,230,231]. Smart chitosan-based formulations have emerged as a potential solution for glaucoma since they are known for their biocompatibility and ability to absorb water [232].…”

Section: Drug Delivery In the Treatment Of Non-cancer Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Trends in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels with Emphasis on Chitosan-Based Formulations

Kruczkowska,

Gałęziewska,

Grabowska

et al. 2024

Gels

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Biomedicine is constantly evolving to ensure a significant and positive impact on healthcare, which has resulted in innovative and distinct requisites such as hydrogels. Chitosan-based formulations stand out for their versatile utilization in drug encapsulation, transport, and controlled release, which is complemented by their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immunogenic nature. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, also known as smart hydrogels, have strictly regulated release patterns since they respond and adapt based on various external stimuli. Moreover, they can imitate the intrinsic tissues’ mechanical, biological, and physicochemical properties. These characteristics allow stimuli-responsive hydrogels to provide cutting-edge, effective, and safe treatment. Constant progress in the field necessitates an up-to-date summary of current trends and breakthroughs in the biomedical application of stimuli-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels, which was the aim of this review. General data about hydrogels sensitive to ions, pH, redox potential, light, electric field, temperature, and magnetic field are recapitulated. Additionally, formulations responsive to multiple stimuli are mentioned. Focusing on chitosan-based smart hydrogels, their multifaceted utilization was thoroughly described. The vast application spectrum encompasses neurological disorders, tumors, wound healing, and dermal infections. Available data on smart chitosan hydrogels strongly support the idea that current approaches and developing novel solutions are worth improving. The present paper constitutes a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the currently evolving field.

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“…These current treatments aim to lower or control IOP. Popular drugs include β-blockers, α-agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, and cholinergic drugs [ 98 ], though their bioavailability is limited. The main obstacles to treating glaucoma are patient compliance and drug efficacy, which are being further questioned by frequent daily dosing [ 99 , 100 , 101 ].…”

Section: Advances In Nanogels For Ocular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Nanogels for Topical Drug Delivery in Ocular Diseases

Tao

Xie

et al. 2023

Gels

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Nanotechnology has accelerated the development of the pharmaceutical and medical technology fields, and nanogels for ocular applications have proven to be a promising therapeutic strategy. Traditional ocular preparations are restricted by the anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye, resulting in a short retention time and low drug bioavailability, which is a significant challenge for physicians, patients, and pharmacists. Nanogels, however, have the ability to encapsulate drugs within three-dimensional crosslinked polymeric networks and, through specific structural designs and distinct methods of preparation, achieve the controlled and sustained delivery of loaded drugs, increasing patient compliance and therapeutic efficiency. In addition, nanogels have higher drug-loading capacity and biocompatibility than other nanocarriers. In this review, the main focus is on the applications of nanogels for ocular diseases, whose preparations and stimuli-responsive behaviors are briefly described. The current comprehension of topical drug delivery will be improved by focusing on the advances of nanogels in typical ocular diseases, including glaucoma, cataracts, dry eye syndrome, and bacterial keratitis, as well as related drug-loaded contact lenses and natural active substances.

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Glaucoma Treatment and Hydrogel: Current Insights and State of the Art

Cited by 20 publications

References 176 publications

Risk and Prognostic Factors for Glaucoma Associated with Peters Anomaly

Risk and Prognostic Factors for Glaucoma Associated with Peters Anomaly

Biomedical Trends in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels with Emphasis on Chitosan-Based Formulations

Advances in Nanogels for Topical Drug Delivery in Ocular Diseases

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