Glial Control of Neuronal Networks and Receptors

Svaetichin, Gunnar; Laufer, Miguel; Mitarai, Genyo; Fatehchand, Richard; Vallecalle, Edmundo; Villegas, Jorge

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-22221-8_48

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The effect reported here has been previously observed by Mitarai et al (1961) working on the same retina, and they found that the time course of the effect depends markedly on the state of retinal adaptation. This may account for the relatively large uncertainty associated with the data of Fig.…”

Section: Preliminary Meaurementssupporting

confidence: 82%

The effects of maintained light stimulation on S‐potentials recorded from the retina of a teleost fish.

Ruddock¹,

Svaetichin²

1975

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. S-potential responses to transient and maintained light stimuli have been recorded from units in the mixed rod-cone retina of a teleost fish species Eugerres plumieri.2. Four spectral classes of S-potential were observed, three cone-and one rod-type. The cone-type responses were subdivided into two L-type (referred to as L1 and L2), and a C-type response. Two classes of transient depolarization response were also recorded from those retinal levels associated with the S-potential responses and these are attributed, tentatively, to rod and cone bipolar activity.3. L2-type S-potentials do not yield constant hyperpolarization during maintained light stimulation, the time course of the response potential, V, being given approximately by Vt = V0 (0.44 + 0-56 ee'4t), where Vt is the response potential at time t see following the onset of stimulation, V0 being the initial response potential.In contrast, both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing components of the C-type response were maintained under conditions of steady illumination.

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Section: Preliminary Meaurementssupporting

confidence: 82%

The effects of maintained light stimulation on S‐potentials recorded from the retina of a teleost fish.

Ruddock¹,

Svaetichin²

1975

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Villegas believes that these cells are glial and that, by virtue of the contiguity of their processes, horizontal cells are disposed in lateral networks analogous to the vertical complete spanning of the retina by individual glial cells of Miiller. Svaetichin et al (1961) believe that the Muller cells and horizontal glial cells through potential shifts of their membranes (not spikes) modify or regulate the excitability of adjacent neuronal elements. Dude1 & Kuffler (1961) and Katz (1962) point out that miniature end-plate potentials in muscle increase when nearby neurons are firing, that is to say that local currents may influence the spontaneous release of quanta of neural humours.…”

Section: Outer Plexiform Level Bipolar Level Inner Plexiform mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebrate Retinal Cells and Their Organization

Cohen

1963

Biological Reviews

142

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Summary 1. Electron microscopy has added numerous details emphasizing the kinship of the retina with the central nervous system. The space between the receptors and pigment epithelium resembles neural tube lumen in that all cells facing this lumen possess terminal bars at their margins. The receptors, glial cells of Müller and cells of the pigment epithelium all appear to be derivatives of ependymal cell varieties. As is the neural tube and mature central nervous system, the entire optic cup derivative in the eye is jacketed in a basement membrane. Blood vessels run through glial tunnels lined by this membrane. The choroid capillaries and pigment epithelium resemble the choroid plexus. 2. The choroid capillaries have endothelial cells which possess numerous focal attenuations or perhaps pores where they oppose the cells of the pigment epithelium. The latter show deep membranal infoldings and an extensive endoplasmic reticulum. Some species possess spindle‐shaped aggregations composed of stacked pairs of membranes which are continuous with the reticulum. The melanin pigment granules lie within microvilli which drape the receptors. 3. The receptors are derived from ciliated ependymal cells. Their outer segments contain stacks of flattened membranous sacs which are apparently formed by ingrowth or infolding of the plasma membrane. The connexions of the resultant sacs to the membrane may be very narrow or perhaps absent in most rod sacs, but are generally persistent in cone sacs. Rod sacs possess one to many incisures, depending on the group of animals examined. Details of the molecular architecture of these membranes are highly speculative since they are based upon the appearance of the membranes after various techniques involving empirical fixation procedures and little fundamental research. 4. Receptors are in intimate relation with processes of cells of the pigment epithelium and microvilli of the glial cell of Muller. The apex of the receptor inner segments may be reflected, calyx‐like, over the base of the outer segments. 5. Receptor inner segments are joined to the outer by narrow stalks which contain nine pairs of filaments or microtubules like those of cilia, except for the absence of a central pair. The filaments end in relation to a centriole and a second centriole is also present. Rootlets run from the centrioles through the inner segments. 6. The ellipsoid of the inner segment is a cluster of mitochondria. The paraboloid, when present, is seen to be an ellipsoidal configuration of expanded tubules of the endoplasmic reticulum with clusters of granules dispersed in the cytoplasm outside the tubules. In double cones, the inner segments and nuclear areas of two independent cells are closely applied to one another. Golgi regions overlie the receptor nuclei. 7. The receptor synaptic area is highly complex. Processes, presumably from bipolar cells, end in pits in the receptor base. Above these pits specialized organelles are found in the receptor cytoplasm. Other processes terminate superficially. These may in...

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“…Before STELL [57] demonstrated synaptic connection between photoreceptors and horizontal cells, the horizontal cell had been considered to be a glia in the retina similar to Muller cells, rather than a neuron. Svaetichin, even after admitting the notion that the origin of the S-potential is outside the photoreceptors, once claimed that S-potentials represent the metabolic state of the retinal glial cells [62]. It was the intracellulr staining with Procion yellow [18] which finally resolved the issue: The origin of the "S-potential" was established to be the horizontal cells in various animal species [36,45,55,56].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional role of retinal horizontal cells.

Kaneko

1987

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Glial Control of Neuronal Networks and Receptors

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

The effects of maintained light stimulation on S‐potentials recorded from the retina of a teleost fish.

The effects of maintained light stimulation on S‐potentials recorded from the retina of a teleost fish.

Vertebrate Retinal Cells and Their Organization

The functional role of retinal horizontal cells.

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