Glial influence on nerve fiber formation from rat ventral mesencephalic organotypic tissue cultures

Berglöf, Elisabet; Bjerkén, Sara af; Strömberg, Ingrid

doi:10.1002/cne.21251

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO; V6630) detects a 58-kDa band on western blots of human fibroblast extracts (manufacturer's information) and U343 human astrocytoma cell extracts (Langlois et al, 2002). The staining pattern observed in this study is similar to the one reported on rat (Berglof et al, 2007) and adult human SVZ (Quinones-Hinojosa et al, 2006). …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cytoarchitecture of the lateral ganglionic eminence and rostral extension of the lateral ventricle in the human fetal brain

et al. 2011

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The fetal development of the anterior subventricular zone (SVZ) involves the transformation of radial glia into neural stem cells, in addition to the migration of neuroblasts from the SVZ towards different regions in the brain. In adult rodents this migration from the anterior SVZ is restricted to the olfactory bulb following a rostral migratory stream (RMS) formed by chains of migratory neuroblasts. Similar to rodents, an RMS has been suggested in the adult human brain, where the SVZ remains as an active proliferative region. Nevertheless, a human fetal RMS has not been described and the presence of migratory neuroblasts in the adult remains controversial. Here we describe the cytoarchitecture of the human SVZ at the lateral ganglionic eminence late in the second trimester of development (23–24 weeks postconception). Cell organization in this region is heterogeneous along the ventricular wall, with GFAP-positive cells aligned to the ventricle. These cells coexpress markers for radial glia like GFAPδ, nestin, and vimentin. We also show the presence of abundant migratory neuroblasts in the anterior horn SVZ forming structures here denominated cell throngs. Interestingly, a ventral extension of the lateral ventricle suggests the presence of a putative RMS. Nevertheless, in the olfactory bulb neuroblast throngs or chain-like structures were not observed. The lack of these structures closer to the olfactory bulb could indicate a destination for the migratory neuroblasts outside the olfactory bulb in the human brain.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cytoarchitecture of the lateral ganglionic eminence and rostral extension of the lateral ventricle in the human fetal brain

et al. 2011

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“…However, the late TNFα treatment killed 100% of the non-glial-mediated nerve fibers. A9 and A10 TH-positive neurons can form both the non-glial-and glial-guided TH-positive outgrowths (Berglöf et al 2007), which suggests that the toxic effect of TNFα affected both A9 and A10 neurons and was not correlated to either subtype of dopamine neurons, but rather to the type of morphological nerve fiber growth. Indeed, the TNFα receptors are differently expressed over subgroups of lateral and medial substantia nigra dopamine neurons (Duke et al 2007), which suggests that subgroups of A9 neurons need to be considered for differences in vulnerability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As the astrocytes start to migrate, the initially formed nerve fibers are retracted and the secondary formed nerve fibers grow onto the astrocytes. Both types of outgrowth are often visible in the same culture over different areas of the periphery of the tissue slice, but over time, nerve fibers representing the initial wave of growth disappear and the newly formed nerve fibers are attached to astrocytes (Berglöf et al 2007;Johansson and Strömberg 2003). Since proinflammatory cytokines are toxic to dopamine neurons, but leave a subset of dopamine neurons unaffected (McGuire et al 2001), and affect astrocytes, which appear to exert important guiding cues on dopamine nerve fiber formation, the aim of this investigation was to study effects of TNFα on astrocytic migration and how this affected dopamine nerve fiber formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual effects of TNFα on nerve fiber formation from ventral mesencephalic organotypic tissue cultures

Marschinke

Strömberg

2008

Brain Research

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is toxic to dopamine neurons and increased levels of TNFα are observed in Parkinson's disease. Dopamine nerve fiber outgrowth in organotypic cultures of fetal ventral mesencephalon occurs in two waves. The early appearing nerve fibers are formed in the absence of astroglia, while migrating astrocytes guide the late appearing dopamine nerve fibers. TNFα (40 ng/ml) was added to the medium of organotypic ventral mesencephalic tissue cultures between days 4-7 or 11-14. The cultures were evaluated at days 7 or 19 to study effects of TNFα on both types of nerve fiber formation. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) -immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the number of cultures showing non-glial-guided TH-positive outgrowth was reduced compared to controls, when TNFα was added at day 4. By contrast, the glial-guided THpositive nerve fiber outgrowth and the astrocytic migration reached significantly longer distances by early TNFα treatment. Ki67-immunohistochemistry revealed that TNFα did not affect proliferation of astrocytes. Treatment with TNFα and antibodies against TNFα receptor 1 between days 4-7 revealed that the non-glial-guided TH-positive outgrowth reappeared. TNFα treatment between days 11-14 triggered neither the TH-positive glial-guided outgrowth, nor promoted the astrocytic migration to reach longer distances. The number of microglia was significantly increased after the late but not early TNFα treatment. In conclusion, TNFα is toxic for the non-glial dopaminergic nerve fiber outgrowth but stimulates the glial-guided outgrowth and the migration of astrocytes at an early time point. TNFα increased the number of microglia in VM tissue cultures after late but not after early treatment.

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“…Interestingly, when the presence of non-glial-associated growth is promoted, nerve fibers continuously elongate and reach distances of several mm. The maximal distance that the migrating astroglia and glial-associated nerve fibers reach is around 1 mm, which is approximately the same distance that graft outgrowth reaches in the dopamine-depleted striatum [5], [9], [10]. Thus, the interplay between astrocytes and nerve fiber growth appears important for the distance that the nerve fibers may grow during regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The different waves of outgrowth depend on astroglia, i.e. either in the absence of astroglia or in the close association with astrocytes [4], [5]. The non-glial-associated outgrowth appears early, already after 2–3 days in vitro (DIV), without the presence of glial cell bodies, and retracts usually after some weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Absence of CD47 Promotes Nerve Fiber Growth from Cultured Ventral Mesencephalic Dopamine Neurons

et al. 2012

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In ventral mesencephalic organotypic tissue cultures, two timely separated sequences of nerve fiber growth have been observed. The first appearing nerve fiber pattern is a long-distance outgrowth that occurs before astrocytes start to proliferate and migrate to form an astrocytic monolayer that finally surrounds the tissue slice. These long-distance growing nerve fibers are retracted as the astrocytes migrate, and are followed by a secondary outgrowth. The secondary outgrowth is persistent in time but reaches short distances, comparable with outgrowth seen from a dopaminergic graft implanted to the brain. The present study was focused on the interaction between the astrocytes and the long-distance growing non-glial associated nerve fibers. Cross talk between astroglia and neurite formation might occur through the integrin-associated protein CD47. CD47 serves as a ligand for signal regulatory protein (SIRP) α and as a receptor for the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Embryonic day 14 ventral mesencephalic tissue from CD47+/+ and CD47−/− mice was used to investigate astrocytic migration and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) –positive outgrowth that occurred remote from the astrocytes. TH-immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the non-glial-associated nerve fiber outgrowth in CD47−/− cultures reached significantly longer distances and higher density compared to nerve fibers formed in CD47+/+ cultures at 14 days in vitro. These nerve fibers often had a dotted appearance in CD47+/+ cultures. No difference in the astrocytic migration was observed. Further investigations revealed that the presence of CD47 in control culture did neither hamper non-glial-associated growth through SIRPα nor through TSP-1 since similar outgrowth was found in SIRPα mutant cultures and in CD47+/+ cultures treated with blocking antibodies against the TSP-1, respectively, as in the control cultures. In conclusion, long-distance growing nerve fiber formation is promoted by the absence of CD47, even though the presence of astrocytes is not inhibited.

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Glial influence on nerve fiber formation from rat ventral mesencephalic organotypic tissue cultures

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Cytoarchitecture of the lateral ganglionic eminence and rostral extension of the lateral ventricle in the human fetal brain

Cytoarchitecture of the lateral ganglionic eminence and rostral extension of the lateral ventricle in the human fetal brain

Dual effects of TNFα on nerve fiber formation from ventral mesencephalic organotypic tissue cultures

The Absence of CD47 Promotes Nerve Fiber Growth from Cultured Ventral Mesencephalic Dopamine Neurons

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