Glial Remodeling and Neural Plasticity in Human Retinal Detachment with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Sethi, Charanjit; Lewis, Geoffrey P.; Fisher, Steven K.; Leitner, William P.; Mann, Derrick L.; Luthert, Philip J.; Charteris, David G.

doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0518

Cited by 167 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…3D). Redistribution of short-wavelength cone opsin in this manner has previously been reported in photoreceptor cells undergoing degenerative changes, and the labeling of the entire cell for opsin is also a feature of early human retinal detachment (26) as well as other retinal degenerations. Rod opsin was distributed normally in the OSs in both knockout (Fig.…”

Section: Cfh-deficient Aged Mice Exhibit Increased Subretinal Autoflusupporting

confidence: 56%

“…3H). Extension of bipolar cell dendrites into the outer nuclear layer is a recognized feature of clinical and experimental retinal degeneration (26,27), and it has been suggested that as axon terminals withdraw to the cell bodies in stressed photoreceptors, secondorder neurons respond by extending processes in an attempt to maintain synaptic and trophic contact. The presence of C3 in the neuroretina is likely to result in immune-mediated damage to the retina and in the functional changes observed in this study.…”

Section: Cfh-deficient Aged Mice Exhibit Increased Subretinal Autoflumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complement factor H deficiency in aged mice causes retinal abnormalities and visual dysfunction

Coffey

Gias²,

McDermott³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Age-related macular degeneration is the most common form of legal blindness in westernized societies, and polymorphisms in the gene encoding complement factor H (CFH) are associated with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration in more than half of affected individuals. To investigate the relationship between complement factor H (CFH) and retinal disease, we performed functional and anatomical analysis in 2-year-old CFHdeficient (cfh ؊/؊ ) mice. cfh ؊/؊ animals exhibited significantly reduced visual acuity and rod response amplitudes on electroretinography compared with age-matched controls. Retinal imaging by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy revealed an increase in autofluorescent subretinal deposits in the cfh ؊/؊ mice, whereas the fundus and vasculature appeared normal. Examination of tissue sections showed an accumulation of complement C3 in the neural retina of the cfh ؊/؊ mice, together with a decrease in electron-dense material, thinning of Bruch's membrane, changes in the cellular distribution of retinal pigment epithelial cell organelles, and disorganization of rod photoreceptor outer segments. Collectively, these data show that, in the absence of any specific exogenous challenge to the innate immune system, CFH is critically required for the long-term functional health of the retina.age-related macular degeneration ͉ innate immunity ͉ retina

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Section: Cfh-deficient Aged Mice Exhibit Increased Subretinal Autoflusupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Cfh-deficient Aged Mice Exhibit Increased Subretinal Autoflumentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement factor H deficiency in aged mice causes retinal abnormalities and visual dysfunction

Coffey

Gias²,

McDermott³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

200

142

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show abstract

“…17,18 Furthermore, RPE proliferation with loss of surface polarity and Muller cell proliferation has also been described in the subretinal space. 17,19 All these changes persisted, to some extent, in the reattached retina and have been described as having a 'patchwork' appearance. 20 This refers to the fact that the anatomical recovery across the RPE is not uniform, and some areas may lag behind others in forming a close photoreceptor-RPE apposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography analysis of persistent subretinal fluid after scleral buckling surgery for macula-off retinal detachment

Gharbiya

Malagola

Mariotti

et al. 2015

Eye

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Purpose To determine the predictive value of markers for persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) absorption and the influence of subfoveal fluid on visual outcome after scleral buckle (SB) surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Patients and methods This was a retrospective, observational study. We reviewed the medical records of 64 eyes of 64 patients who underwent SB surgery for macula-off RRD. Patients underwent clinical examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before surgery, at 1 month and every 3 months postoperatively. The height and width of SRF bleb(s) were measured over time.Results Persistent SRF at 1 month was observed in 40 eyes (62.5%). SRF blebs were first detected 1.7 ± 2.2 months postoperatively. In 29 cases that could be fully followed up, SRF blebs were completely absorbed 7.8 ± 4.4 months postoperatively. Resolution of fluid was associated with an improvement of VA (P = 0.003). Serial measurements of SRF bleb size showed that bleb width decreased significantly at all time points during the 12-month follow-up period (Po0.05), while significant bleb height decrease occurred from postoperative sixth month only (Po0.05). There was no correlation between VA outcomes and subfoveal bleb height or width (P40.05). The cut-off value of the bleb width-to-height ratio level for predicting bleb absorption at 6 months was 7, with 89% sensitivity and 83% specificity.Conclusions Visual improvement may occur with late resolution of residual subfoveal fluid. A bleb width-to-height ratio 47 indicates a higher risk of SRF to persist beyond 6 months after surgery.

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“…Engaging such conserved "off-shelf" stresshandling mechanisms might benefit some situations, while in other situations, it might be detrimental. The latter can be the case, e.g., with a profound astroglial and inflammatory response with cytokine and chemokine production in retinal detachment-induced photoreceptor degeneration (211), where attenuated reactive response of astrocytes and Mül-ler cells in GFAP Ϫ/Ϫ Vim Ϫ/Ϫ mice (116,156) reduces Erk and c-fos activation, prevents the upregulation of MCP-1 and recruitment of monocytes to the injury site, and results in reduced photoreceptor degeneration (156). Therapeutic activation of specific stress-handling mechanisms that are not normally activated in a given disease context, or suppression of unwanted stress responses, can bring therapeutic benefits and be important both for treatment and prevention.…”

Section: What Nature Addressed Well and The Windows Of Therapeutimentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocyte Reactivity and Reactive Astrogliosis: Costs and Benefits

Pekny

Pekna

2014

Physiological Reviews

739

576

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Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis maintaining functions. During the past two decades, astrocytes emerged also as increasingly important regulators of neuronal functions including the generation of new nerve cells and structural as well as functional synapse remodeling. Reactive gliosis or reactive astrogliosis is a term coined for the morphological and functional changes seen in astroglial cells/astrocytes responding to CNS injury and other neurological diseases. Whereas this defensive reaction of astrocytes is conceivably aimed at handling the acute stress, limiting tissue damage, and restoring homeostasis, it may also inhibit adaptive neural plasticity mechanisms underlying recovery of function. Understanding the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the healthy and diseased CNS will undoubtedly contribute to the development of treatment strategies that will, in a context-dependent manner and at appropriate time points, modulate reactive astrogliosis to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.

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Glial Remodeling and Neural Plasticity in Human Retinal Detachment with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Cited by 167 publications

References 64 publications

Complement factor H deficiency in aged mice causes retinal abnormalities and visual dysfunction

Complement factor H deficiency in aged mice causes retinal abnormalities and visual dysfunction

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography analysis of persistent subretinal fluid after scleral buckling surgery for macula-off retinal detachment

Astrocyte Reactivity and Reactive Astrogliosis: Costs and Benefits

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