Glial Tissue Mechanics and Mechanosensing by Glial Cells

Pogoda, Katarzyna; Janmey, Paul A.

doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00025

Cited by 57 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Results show that the cells maintained naïve morphology on individual fibers (softer scaffolds), while the reactive morphology was observed in bundled fibrils (stiffer scaffolds) (Figure a‐iii). However, as per the study conducted by another group, cells maintained a reactive morphology on a softer template and the naïve morphology on a stiffer template . These two reports indicate that the architectural cues rather than the stiffness of the template might be the crucial factor controlling the morphology of the cells.…”

Section: Dna‐conjugated Organic Molecules and Polymerssupporting

confidence: 54%

Dynamic Nanostructures from DNA‐Coupled Molecules, Polymers, and Nanoparticles

Albert

Park

2019

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Dynamic and reconfigurable systems that can sense and react to physical and chemical signals are ubiquitous in nature and are of great interest in diverse areas of science and technology. DNA is a powerful tool for fabricating such smart materials and devices due to its programmable and responsive molecular recognition properties. For the past couple of decades, DNA‐based self‐assembly is actively explored to fabricate various DNA–organic and DNA–inorganic hybrid nanostructures with high‐precision structural control. Building upon past development, researchers have recently begun to design and assemble dynamic nanostructures that can undergo an on‐demand transformation in the structure, properties, and motion in response to various external stimuli. In this Review, recent advances in dynamic DNA nanostructures, focusing on hybrid structures fabricated from DNA‐conjugated molecules, polymers, and nanoparticles, are introduced, and their potential applications and future perspectives are discussed.

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Section: Dna‐conjugated Organic Molecules and Polymerssupporting

confidence: 54%

Dynamic Nanostructures from DNA‐Coupled Molecules, Polymers, and Nanoparticles

Albert

Park

2019

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“…), and providing gradients for growing axons, which navigate through an enormous volume of the hydrophilic environment, we propose that the crucial role of SP is to accommodate large numbers of ingrowing axons, without a proportional increase of volume. This ‘mechanical’ role of SP is derived from general tissue mechanics by absorbing capacity due to spatial factors and high ECM content (Pogoda & Janmey, ). Indeed, the intensity of general staining in the earlier stages for GAGs is concentrated along the deep border of SP, whereas in the later stages it is concentrated in the most superficial part of the SP, where there is accumulation of waiting thalamo‐cortical axons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublaminar organization of the human subplate: developmental changes in the distribution of neurons, glia, growing axons and extracellular matrix

2018

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The objective of this paper was to collect normative data essential for analyzing the subplate (SP) role in pathogenesis of developmental disorders, characterized by abnormal circuitry, such as hypoxic-ischemic lesions, autism and schizophrenia. The main cytological features of the SP, such as low cell density, early differentiation of neurons and glia, plexiform arrangement of axons and dendrites, presence of synapses and a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) distinguish this compartment from the cell-dense cortical plate (CP; towards pia) and large fiber bundles of external axonal strata of fetal white matter (towards ventricle). For SP delineation from these adjacent layers based on combined cytological criteria, we analyzed the sublaminar distribution of different microstructural elements and the associated maturational gradients throughout development, using immunocytochemical and histological techniques on postmortem brain material (Zagreb Neuroembryological Collection). The analysis revealed that the SP compartment of the lateral neocortex shows changes in laminar organization throughout fetal development: the monolayer in the early fetal period (presubplate) undergoes dramatic bilaminar transformation between 13 and 15 postconceptional weeks (PCW), followed by subtle sublamination in three 'floors' (deep, intermediate, superficial) of midgestation (15-21 PCW). During the stationary phase (22-28 PCW), SP persists as a trilaminar compartment, gradually losing its sublaminar organization towards the end of gestation and remains as a single layer of SP remnant in the newborn brain. Based on these sublaminar transformations, we have documented developmental changes in the distribution, maturational gradients and expression of molecular markers in SP synapses, transitional forms of astroglia, neurons and ECM, which occur concomitantly with the ingrowth of thalamo-cortical, basal forebrain and corticocortical axons in a deep to superficial fashion. The deep SP is the zone of ingrowing axons -'entrance (ingrowth) zone'. The process of axonal ingrowth begins with thalamo-cortical fibers and basal forebrain afferents, indicating an oblique geometry. During the later fetal period, deep SP receives long cortico-cortical axons exhibiting a tangential geometry. Intermediate SP ('proper') is the navigation and 'nexus' sublamina consisting of a plexiform arrangement of cellular elements providing guidance and substrate for axonal growth, and also containing transient connectivity of dendrites and axons in a tangential plane without radial boundaries immersed in an ECM-rich continuum. Superficial SP is the axonal accumulation ('waiting compartment') and target selection zone, indicating a dense distribution of synaptic markers, accumulation of thalamo-cortical axons (around 20 PCW), overlapping with dendrites from layer VI neurons. In the late preterm brain period, superficial SP contains a chondroitin sulfate non-immunoreactive band. The developmental dynamics for the distribution of neuronal, glial and ECM marker...

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“…Recently, magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has been widely applied to brain in order to determine whether local changes in mechanical properties might arise during development of cancer [114]. In this way, it was found ( Fig.…”

Section: Fig 11 Schematic Of the Mechanism By Which Local Edema Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromechanical characterization of brain damage in response to head impact and pathological changes

Zolochevsky¹,

Мартыненко

2020

The Journal of v. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Medicine"

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Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) have received special attention because of their devastating socio-economical cost. Functional and morphological damage of brain is the most intricate phenomenon in the body. It is the major cause of disability and death. The paper involves constitutive modeling and computational investigations towards an understanding the mechanical and functional failure of brain due to the traumatic (head impact) and pathological (brain tumor) events within the framework of continuum damage mechanics of brain. Development of brain damage has been analyzed at the organ scale with the whole brain, tissue scale with white and gray tissue, and cellular scale with an individual neuron. The mechanisms of neurodamage growth have been specified in response to head impact and brain tumor. Swelling due to electrical activity of nervous cells under electrophysiological impairments, and elastoplastic deformation and creep under mechanical loading of the brain have been analyzed. The constitutive laws of neuromechanical behavior at large strains have been developed, and tension-compression asymmetry, as well as, initial anisotropy of brain tissue was taken into account. Implementation details of the integrated neuromechanical constitutive model including the Hodgkin-Huxley model for voltage into ABAQUS, ANSYS and in-house developed software have been considered in a form of the computer-based structural modeling tools for analyzing stress distributions over time in healthy and diseased brains, for neurodamage analysis and for lifetime predictions of diseased brains. The outcome of this analysis will be how the neuromechanical simulations applied to the head impact and brain tumor therapies may assist medical specialists with their decisions during planning and application of medical surgeries.

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Glial Tissue Mechanics and Mechanosensing by Glial Cells

Cited by 57 publications

References 65 publications

Dynamic Nanostructures from DNA‐Coupled Molecules, Polymers, and Nanoparticles

Dynamic Nanostructures from DNA‐Coupled Molecules, Polymers, and Nanoparticles

Sublaminar organization of the human subplate: developmental changes in the distribution of neurons, glia, growing axons and extracellular matrix

Neuromechanical characterization of brain damage in response to head impact and pathological changes

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