Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Clinical Survey

Roth, John G.; Elvidge, Arthur R.

doi:10.3171/jns.1960.17.4.0736

Cited by 167 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Unlike most other types of cancer, the morbidity and mortality from glioblastomas comes from local invasion rather than metastasis. This local invasion prevents complete surgical resection as shown by the recurrence of the majority of glioblastomas (80 -90%) within 2 cm of the original tumor site (22,23). As glioma cells frequently extend through much of the neural axis before diagnosis, even local control of invasion will unfortunately not be curative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of novel low molecular weight inhibitors of RAF (LBT613) and target of rapamycin (RAD001) decreases glioma proliferation and invasion

Hjelmeland

Lattimore

Fee

et al. 2007

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

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Monotherapies have proven largely ineffective for the treatment of glioblastomas, suggesting that increased patient benefit may be achieved by combining therapies. Two protumorigenic pathways known to be active in glioblastoma include RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/target of rapamycin (TOR). We investigated the efficacy of a combination of novel low molecular weight inhibitors LBT613 and RAD001 (everolimus), which were designed to target RAF and TOR, respectively. LBT613 decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, downstream effectors of RAF, in a human glioma cell line. RAD001 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of the TOR effector S6. To determine if targeting RAF and TOR activities could result in decreased protumorigenic glioma cellular behaviors, we evaluated the abilities of LBT613 and RAD001 to affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells. Treatment with either LBT613 or RAD001 alone significantly decreased the proliferation of multiple human glioma cell lines. Furthermore, LBT613 and RAD001 in combination synergized to decrease glioma cell proliferation in association with G 1 cell cycle arrest. Glioma invasion is a critical contributor to tumor malignancy. The combination of LBT613 and RAD001 inhibited the invasion of human glioma cells through Matrigel to a greater degree than treatment with either drug alone. These data suggest that the combination of LBT613 and RAD001 reduces glioma cell proliferation and invasion and support examination of the combination of RAF and TOR inhibitors for the treatment of human glioblastoma patients. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(9):2449 -57]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of novel low molecular weight inhibitors of RAF (LBT613) and target of rapamycin (RAD001) decreases glioma proliferation and invasion

Hjelmeland

Lattimore

Fee

et al. 2007

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

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“…The median survival for patients treated by surgery alone is less than 6 months, and fewer than 500 survive at 3 years Bloom, 1975). Postoperative radiotherapy marginally improves the results (Roth & Elvidge, 1960;Taveras et al, 1962;Hitchcock & Sato, 1964;Jelsma & Bucy, 1967;. The addition of chemotherapy with a nitrosourea to the postoperative radiotherapy improves survival further (BCNU Walker & Strike, 1979;Brisman et al, 1976;CCNU Hildebrand, 1979) though this is not confirmed in a smaller series with CCNU (Garrett et al, 1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized study of misonidazole and radiotherapy for grade 3 and 4 cerebral astrocytoma

Bleehen¹,

Wiltshire²,

Plowman³

et al. 1981

Br J Cancer

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The results are reported of a small clinical trial carried out to assess the potential value of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer misonidazole in the radiation treatment of Grade 3 and 4 supratentorial astrocytomas. A total of 55 patients were randomly allocated to one of 3 treatment groups. No significant differences were seen between the median survivals of patients in the 2 control radiation groups and that of the third group in which oral misonidazole at a dose of 3 g/m2 preceded each of 4 weekly radiation doses. Possible reasons why no improvement was seen are discussed in detail.

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“…However, these lesions rarely occur in the cerebellum, with prior studies reporting that only 0.4-3.4% of all GBM tumors occur in this location (3)(4)(5). Hypertension, impaired balance and gait disturbance are typical clinical manifestations (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary glioblastoma of the cerebellar vermis: A case report

Jing

Shen

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Cerebellar glioblastoma is a rare adult tumor. The accurate diagnosis of cerebellar glioblastoma is important for establishing a suitable therapeutic schedule. However, it is occasionally difficult to diagnosis these tumors. Clinical presentation, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging can provide useful information, but they may not lead to a definitive diagnosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may provide a novel way of forming a differential diagnoses. The lesions of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) rarely occur in the cerebellum, with prior studies reporting that only 0.4-3.4% of all GBM tumors occur here. In the current study, a case of primary cerebellar glioblastoma is presented and the physiopathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and general outcome of this disease are discussed. A 61-year-old female presented with nausea, vomiting, balance problems and cerebellar signs. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examination demonstrated one regular contour of a mass lesion in the cerebellar vermis. Following surgery, glioblastoma was histologically confirmed. The outcome of the patient was favorable after 18 months of follow-up. Cerebellar GBM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a cerebellar mass lesion, and PET/CT may provide a novel identification method for different cerebellar mass lesions.

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Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Clinical Survey

Cited by 167 publications

References 17 publications

The combination of novel low molecular weight inhibitors of RAF (LBT613) and target of rapamycin (RAD001) decreases glioma proliferation and invasion

The combination of novel low molecular weight inhibitors of RAF (LBT613) and target of rapamycin (RAD001) decreases glioma proliferation and invasion

A randomized study of misonidazole and radiotherapy for grade 3 and 4 cerebral astrocytoma

Primary glioblastoma of the cerebellar vermis: A case report

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