Glioblastoma multiforme metastatic to lung in the absence of intracranial recurrence: case report

Kumaria, Ashwin; Teale, Alice; Kulkarni, Girish V; Ingale, Harshal; Macarthur, Donald; Robertson, Iain

doi:10.1080/02688697.2018.1529296

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As blood cells spread along perivascular glymphatic channels in TS, so could lymphoma cells. As hypothesized elsewhere, glymphatic systems may have a role in tumor spread and seeding within the CNS (81). Once again, further research will be of interest to determine a role of glymphatic pathways in brain tumors, as with other pathologies.…”

Section: Further Relevance Of An Ocular-cerebral Glymphatic Circulationmentioning

confidence: 79%

An explanation for Terson syndrome at last: the glymphatic reflux theory

et al. 2021

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Terson Syndrome (TS) describes the presence of intraocular hemorrhage in patients with intracranial hemorrhage, typically subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite TS being a well-defined and frequently occurring phenomenon, its pathophysiology remains controversial. This review will present the current understanding of TS, with view to describing a contemporary and more plausible pathomechanism of TS, given recent advances in ophthalmic science and neurobiology. Previously proposed theories include a sudden rise in intracranial pressure (ICP) transmitted to the optic nerve sheath leading to rupture of retinal vessels; or intracranial blood extending to the orbit via the optic nerve sheath. The origin of blood in TS is uncertain, but retinal vessels appear to be an unlikely source. In addition, an anatomical pathway for blood to enter the eye from the intracranial space remains poorly defined. An ocular glymphatic system has recently been described, drainage of which from the globe into intracranial glymphatics is reliant on the pressure gradient between intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure. The glymphatic pathway is the only extravascular anatomical conduit between the subarachnoid space and the retina. We propose that subarachnoid blood in skull base cisterns near the optic nerve is the substrate of blood in TS. Raised ICP causes it to be refluxed through glymphatic channels into the globe, resulting in intraocular hemorrhage. We herewith present glymphatic reflux as an alternative theory to explain the phenomenon of Terson Syndrome. Response to Reviewers:Many thanks, please see the attached Word document which contains all responses to reviewer and editor comments in red. These are copied below as well.

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Section: Further Relevance Of An Ocular-cerebral Glymphatic Circulationmentioning

confidence: 79%

An explanation for Terson syndrome at last: the glymphatic reflux theory

et al. 2021

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“… 58 Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most fatal primary malignant brain tumor encountered in the adult population. 59 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review Between Resting-State fMRI and Task fMRI in Planning for Brain Tumour Surgery

Abu Mhanna,

Omar,

Md Radzi

et al. 2024

JMDH

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As an alternative to task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (T-fMRI), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) is suggested for preoperative mapping of patients with brain tumours, with an emphasis on treatment guidance and neurodegeneration prediction. A systematic review was conducted of 18 recent studies involving 1035 patients with brain tumours and Rs-fMRI protocols. This was accomplished by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. For clinical benefit, we compared Rs-fMRI to standard T-fMRI and intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS). The results of Rs-fMRI and T-fMRI were compared and their correlation with intraoperative DCS results was examined through a systematic review. Our exhaustive investigation demonstrated that Rs-fMRI is a dependable and sensitive preoperative mapping technique that detects neural networks in the brain with precision and identifies crucial functional regions in agreement with intraoperative DCS. Rs-fMRI comes in handy, especially in situations where T-fMRI proves to be difficult because of patient-specific factors. Additionally, our exhaustive investigation demonstrated that Rs-fMRI is a valuable tool in the preoperative screening and evaluation of brain tumours. Furthermore, its capability to assess brain function, forecast surgical results, and enhance decision-making may render it applicable in the clinical management of brain tumours.

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“… yes n.a. H3K27M(+), IDH R132H(−) 3 months Kajitani et al [ 36 ] BVS male 13 headache secondary partial QT/RT, TMZ yes GFAP(+),VIMENTIN(+),KI67(+),MGMT(−) ATRX(+), IDH−1 wt(+), H3KM27M(−), BRAFV600E(−), TP53(+) 4 months Kajitani et al [ 36 ] BVS female 16 seizures secondary partial QT/RT, TMZ yes GFAP(+), ATRX(+),VIMENTIN(+), KI67(+), MGMT(−) IDH-1 wt (+), TP53(−), BRAFV600E(−),H3K27M(−) 6 months Kajitani et al [ 36 ] BVS female 16 facial nerve paralysis secondary total QT/RT, TMZ no GFAP(+), ATRX(+), VIMENTIN(+),KI67(+) IDH-1 wt (+),BRAFV600E(−),H3K27M(−), TP53(+) alive Kumaria et al [ 37 ] BVS male 65 headache, personality disorder, dizziness primary total n.a. yes GFAP(+) IDH-1 wt(+) 17 months McClelland et al [ 38 ] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glioblastoma multiforme: a multi-omics analysis of driver genes and tumour heterogeneity

et al. 2021

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common brain cancer in adults with the lowest life expectancy. The current neuro-oncology practice has incorporated genes involved in key molecular events that drive GBM tumorigenesis as biomarkers to guide diagnosis and design treatment. This study summarizes findings describing the significant heterogeneity of GBM at the transcriptional and genomic levels, emphasizing 18 driver genes with clinical relevance. A pattern was identified fitting the stem cell model for GBM ontogenesis, with an upregulation profile for MGMT and downregulation for ATRX, H3F3A, TP53 and EGFR in the mesenchymal subtype. We also detected overexpression of EGFR, NES, VIM and TP53 in the classical subtype and of MKi67 and OLIG2 genes in the proneural subtype. Furthermore, we found a combination of the four biomarkers EGFR, NES, OLIG2 and VIM with a remarkable differential expression pattern which confers them a strong potential to determine the GBM molecular subtype. A unique distribution of somatic mutations was found for the young and adult population, particularly for genes related to DNA repair and chromatin remodelling, highlighting ATRX, MGMT and IDH1. Our results also revealed that highly lesioned genes undergo differential regulation with particular biological pathways for young patients. This multi-omic analysis will help delineate future strategies related to the use of these molecular markers for clinical decision-making in the medical routine.

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Glioblastoma multiforme metastatic to lung in the absence of intracranial recurrence: case report

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

An explanation for Terson syndrome at last: the glymphatic reflux theory

An explanation for Terson syndrome at last: the glymphatic reflux theory

Systematic Review Between Resting-State fMRI and Task fMRI in Planning for Brain Tumour Surgery

Glioblastoma multiforme: a multi-omics analysis of driver genes and tumour heterogeneity

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