Glioblastoma multiforme with vertebral metastases: A case report

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal form of brain cancer. 1 The currently recommended treatment guideline consists of maximal surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. However, GBM patients still have a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate less than 10%. 1 GBM-associated vertebral metastases are extremely rare. 2 Here, we report a rare case of thoracic vertebral metastases in the absence of intracranial recurrence.On May 28, 2020, a 25-year-old man with an average medical history was admitted to our hospital complaining of intermittent dizziness and headache for 2 months, in addition to a progressively decreased left vision for 3 months. Neurological examination revealed cognitive decline and left vision loss (only light perception).Preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an irregular mass measuring 87 mm × 58 mm × 60 mm in the left frontotemporal lobe (Figure 1A). The tumor presented a hypointense signal on the T1-weighted sequence and a hyperintense signal on the T2weighted sequence. The left ventricle was compressed significantly,

Metastatic glioblastoma to the lungs: a case report and literature review

“…Treatment for metastatic glioblastoma is challenging and no standard treatment exists [ 11 , 72 , 73 ]. Therapeutic options gleaned from existing literature includes bevacizumab, surgery, temozolomide rechallenge, etoposide, irinotecan, procarbazine and immunotherapy [ 12 , 72 , 74 , 75 ]. Despite bevacizumab and lomustine, our patient developed metastatic glioblastoma to the lungs.…”

Bilateral Thalamic Glioblastoma Multiforme with Synchronous Asymptomatic Bone Metastasis- A Rare Case Report

“…In 1865 Rudolf Virchow gave a histomorphological description [6]. Recently GBM has been classified into two types isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type (90%) and IDH mutant type (10%) [7]. Bilateral thalamic GBM presentation is extremely rare with less than 75 cases reported in the literature.…”

“…There is no evidence of an association of GBM with smoking, alcohol consumption, or dietary exposure to Nnitroso compounds [8]. The incidence rate for extraneural metastases is 0.2% [4,7]. The most common location is supratentorial followed by the cerebellum.…”

“…The presence of primary GBM, a morphologically identical lesion in the humerus which was histologically identified as a CNS tumor confirmed the bone metastasis. Previous studies lacked an explanation for metastatic spread due to its short survival time however recently the existence of a glymphatic system explained the pathogenesis for metastatic spread due to its drainage to cervical and meningeal lymphatics [7].…”

“…Other explained theories include iatrogenic procedures-craniotomy/ biopsy leading to breakage of blood-brain barrier leading to migration of cells into the circulatory system. The bone metastases with the genetic study are explained by the mutation of BRCA1, ARID1A, C8A-R30W, and overexpression of IGFBP2 [7,8]. To date, no satisfactory results of treatment outcomes have been published.…”