Glioblastoma Treatment Modalities besides Surgery

Zhang, Hao; Wang, Ruizhe; Yu, Yuanqiang; Liu, Jinfang; Luo, Tianmeng; Fan, Fan

doi:10.7150/jca.32475

Cited by 99 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Gliomas continue to be the most common and devastating primary brain tumor. Despite multiple conventional therapies, including radiotherapy with adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy after resection [ 1 , 2 ], patients with LGG (low grade glioma) have a median overall survival (OS) of 8–10 years, while patients with GBM (glioblastoma multi-form) have a dismal OS of less than 15 months [ 3 , 4 ]. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2020

J Transl Med

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Background Immunotherapies targeting glioblastoma (GBM) have led to significant improvements in patient outcomes. TOX is closely associated with the immune environment surrounding tumors, but its role in gliomas is not fully understood. Methods Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), we analyzed the transcriptomes of 1691 WHO grade I-IV human glioma samples. The R language was used to perform most of the statistical analyses. Somatic mutations and somatic copy number variation (CNV) were analyzed using GISTIC 2.0. Results TOX was down-regulated in malignant gliomas compared to low grade gliomas, and upregulated in the proneural and IDH mutant subtypes of GBM. TOXlow tumours are associated with the loss of PTEN and amplification of EGFR, while TOXhigh tumours harbor frequent mutations in IDH1 (91%). TOX was highly expressed in leading edge regions of tumours. Gene ontology and pathway analyses demonstrated that TOX was enriched in multiple immune related processes including lymphocyte migration in GBM. Finally, TOX had a negative association with the infiltration of several immune cell types in the tumour microenvironment. Conclusion TOX has the potential to be a new prognostic marker for GBM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2020

J Transl Med

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“…For the treatment of glioma, standard post‐resection chemotherapy is given, which includes TMZ, although because of therapeutic resistance and tumour recurrence, there is often no decline in rate of mortality . TMZ is an agent for alkylating, that causes DNA methylation at the O 6 position of guanine causing incorrect pairing of thymine with O 6 ‐methylguanine, which initiates the mismatch repair system, causing a double‐strand break in the genome and subsequent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR‐152‐5p suppresses glioma progression and tumorigenesis and potentiates temozolomide sensitivity by targeting FBXL7

Kong

Fang

Wang

et al. 2020

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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A generally used chemotherapeutic drug for glioma, a frequently diagnosed brain tumour, is temozolomide (TMZ). Our study investigated the activity of FBXL7 and miR‐152‐5p in glioma. Levels of microRNA‐152‐5p (miR‐152‐5p) and the transcript and protein of FBXL7 were assessed by real‐time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The migratory and invasive properties of cells were measured by Transwell migration and invasion assay and their viability were examined using CCK‐8 assay. Further, the putative interaction between FBXL7 and miR‐152‐5p were analysed bioinformatically and by luciferase assay. The activities of FBXL7, TMZ and miR‐152‐5p were analysed in vivo singly or in combination, on mouse xenografts, in glioma tumorigenesis. The expression of FBXL7 in glioma tissue is significantly up‐regulated, which is related to the poor prognosis and the grade of glioma. TMZ‐induced cytotoxicity, proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma cells were impeded by the knock‐down of FBXL7 or overexpressed miR‐152‐5p. Furthermore, the expression of miR‐152‐5p reduced remarkably in glioma cells and it exerted its activity through targeted FBXL7. Overexpression of miR‐152‐5p and knock‐down of FBXL7 in glioma xenograft models enhanced TMZ‐mediated anti‐tumour effect and impeded tumour growth. Thus, the miR‐152‐5p suppressed the progression of glioma and associated tumorigenesis, targeted FBXL7 and increased the effect of TMZ‐induced cytotoxicity in glioma cells, further enhancing our knowledge of FBXL7 activity in glioma.

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“…The treatments for GBMs are surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. But these treatments are largely ineffective and the median survival time for GBM is only 15 to 16 months [82]. Among the chemotherapy options, temozolomide (TMZ) improves the survival of patients with GBM, however, the development of resistance to GBM is very common and, thus, newer therapies are urgently required.…”

Section: Glioblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Virotherapy with Myxoma Virus

Rahman

McFadden

2020

JCM

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Oncolytic viruses are one of the most promising novel therapeutics for malignant cancers. They selectively infect and kill cancer cells while sparing the normal counterparts, expose cancer- specific antigens and activate the host immune system against both viral and tumor determinants. Oncolytic viruses can be used as monotherapy or combined with existing cancer therapies to become more potent. Among the many types of oncolytic viruses that have been developed thus far, members of poxviruses are the most promising candidates against diverse cancer types. This review summarizes recent advances that are made with oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV), a member of the Leporipoxvirus genus. Unlike other oncolytic viruses, MYXV infects only rabbits in nature and causes no harm to humans or any other non-leporid animals. However, MYXV can selectively infect and kill cancer cells originating from human, mouse and other host species. This selective cancer tropism and safety profile have led to the testing of MYXV in various types of preclinical cancer models. The next stage will be successful GMP manufacturing and clinical trials that will bring MYXV from bench to bedside for the treatment of currently intractable malignancies.

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Glioblastoma Treatment Modalities besides Surgery

Cited by 99 publications

References 155 publications

Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas

Clinical characterization, genetic profiling, and immune infiltration of TOX in diffuse gliomas

miR‐152‐5p suppresses glioma progression and tumorigenesis and potentiates temozolomide sensitivity by targeting FBXL7

Oncolytic Virotherapy with Myxoma Virus

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