Gliomas, germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngioma

Aridgides, Paul; Janssens, Geert O.; Braunstein, Steve; Campbell, Shauna R.; Poppe, Matthew M.; Murphy, Erin S.; MacDonald, Shannon M.; Ladra, Matthew M.; Alapetite, Claire; Haas‐Kogan, Daphne A.

doi:10.1002/pbc.28401

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“… 21 The major routes of spread are along CSF pathways, on the ventricular surface, and/or via subependymal routes. 106 In 5–10% of patients at diagnosis, metastatic disease is found in the CSF. 106 Wang et al demonstrate increased likelihood of developing distant metastases after VP shunting is in place, leading to a worse prognosis.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 106 In 5–10% of patients at diagnosis, metastatic disease is found in the CSF. 106 Wang et al demonstrate increased likelihood of developing distant metastases after VP shunting is in place, leading to a worse prognosis. 107 Extra-neural metastases are rare.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 107 Extra-neural metastases are rare. 106 Fast-developing leptomeningeal dissemination can occur, but rarely so. 108 …”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and Management of Pineal Germinoma: From Eye to Brain

Cohen¹,

Litofsky²

2023

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Pineal germinomas can be very complex in terms of presentation, diagnosis, and management. This review attempts to simplify this complexity in an organized manner, addressing the anatomic relationships that provide the basis for the uniqueness of pineal germinoma. Ocular findings and signs and symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure are the keys to suspecting the diagnosis and obtaining the necessary imaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies. Other symptoms can suggest spread beyond the pineal region. Surgery may only be needed to obtain tissue for a definitive diagnosis, as germinoma is highly responsive to chemotherapy and focused radiation therapy. Hydrocephalus, usually related to tumor obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct, may also need to be addressed. Outcome for pineal germinoma is usually excellent, but relapse can occur and may require additional intervention. These issues are detailed in this review.

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Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and Management of Pineal Germinoma: From Eye to Brain

Cohen¹,

Litofsky²

2023

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“…After multimodal treatment, including radiotherapy, 5-year OS rates are greater than 90% and 75% for pure germinomas and NGGCTs, respectively [5, 6, 8, 9, 95]. For localized pure germinomas, radiation options include CSI or chemotherapy followed by whole ventricular irradiation (WVI) with or without involved field boost.…”

Section: Radiation Treatment Considerations By Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiation therapy is a critical component of multimodality treatment of many pediatric CNS tumors [2–8]. The radiation field and dose are defined primarily based on histology and staging for curative intent [9, 10]. In the setting of recurrence, radiation can also play an important role in prolonging survival and palliating symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiotherapy for Primary Pediatric Central Nervous System Malignancies: Current Treatment Paradigms and Future Directions

Liu,

Haas-Kogan,

Elhalawani

2023

Pediatr Neurosurg

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Background: Central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood. Treatment paradigms for pediatric central nervous system malignancies depend on elements including tumor histology, age of patient, and stage of disease. Radiotherapy is an important modality of treatment for many pediatric central nervous system malignancies. Summary: While radiation contributes to excellent overall survival rates for many patients, radiation also carries significant risks of long-term side effects including neurocognitive decline, hearing loss, growth impairment, neuroendocrine dysfunction, strokes, and secondary malignancies. In recent decades, clinical trials have demonstrated that with better imaging and staging along with more sophisticated radiation planning and treatment set-up verification, smaller treatment volumes can be utilized without decrement in survival. Furthermore, the development of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and proton-beam radiotherapy has greatly improved conformality of radiation. Key Messages: Recent changes in radiation treatment paradigms have decreased risks of short- and long-term toxicity for common histologies and in different age groups. Future studies will continue to develop novel radiation regimens to improve outcomes in aggressive central nervous system tumors, integrate molecular subtypes to tailor radiation treatment, and decrease radiation-associated toxicity for long-term survivors.

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A review of natural products and small‐molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges

Pasdaran,

Grice,

Hamedi

2024

Drug Development Research

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In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time‐consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well‐designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi‐synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal‐oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.

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Gliomas, germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngioma

Cited by 8 publications

References 102 publications

Diagnosis and Management of Pineal Germinoma: From Eye to Brain

Diagnosis and Management of Pineal Germinoma: From Eye to Brain

Radiotherapy for Primary Pediatric Central Nervous System Malignancies: Current Treatment Paradigms and Future Directions

A review of natural products and small‐molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges

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