Global aerosol modeling with MADE3 (v3.0) in EMAC (based on v2.53): model description and evaluation

Kaiser, J. Christopher; Hendricks, Johannes; Righi, Mattia; Jöckel, Patrick; Tost, H.; Kandler, Konrad; Weinzierl, Bernadett; Sauer, Daniel; Heimerl, Katharina; Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Popp, Thomas

doi:10.5194/gmd-12-541-2019

Cited by 29 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…4b. Figure 5 shows the comparison of the annual surface concentrations of CO, O 3 , and NO 2 between IAP-AACM and HTAP CTMs, including CAM-Chem (Lamarque et al, 2012), Oslo CTM3 (Søvde et al, 2012), and CHASER (Sudo et al, 2002). Overall, the global surface CO simulation of the IAP-AACM is lower than the observations, especially in natural source regions.…”

Section: Trace Gasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

IAP-AACM v1.0: a global to regional evaluation of the atmospheric chemistry model in CAS-ESM

Wei

Chen

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. In this study, a full description and comprehensive evaluation of a global–regional nested model, the Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry Model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP-AACM), is presented for the first time. Not only are the global budgets and distribution explored, but comparisons of the nested simulation over China against multiple datasets are investigated, which benefit from access to Chinese air quality monitoring data from 2013 to the present and the “Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia” project. The model results and analysis can help reduce uncertainties and aid with understanding model diversity with respect to assessing global and regional aerosol effects on climate and human health, especially over East Asia and areas affected by East Asia. For the global simulation, the 1-year simulation for 2014 shows that the IAP-AACM is within the range of other models. Overall, it reasonably reproduced spatial distributions and seasonal variations of trace gases and aerosols in both surface concentrations and column burdens (mostly within a factor of 2). The model captured spatial variation for carbon monoxide well with a slight underestimation over ocean, which implicates the uncertainty of the ocean source. The simulation also matched the seasonal cycle of ozone well except for the continents in the Northern Hemisphere, which was partly due to the lack of stratospheric–tropospheric exchange. For aerosols, the simulation of fine-mode particulate matter (PM2.5) matched observations well. The simulation of primary aerosols (normalized mean biases, NMBs, are within ±0.64) is better than that of secondary aerosols (NMB values are greater than 1.0 in some regions). For the nested regional simulation, the IAP-AACM shows the superiority of higher-resolution simulation using the nested domain over East Asia. The model reproduced variation of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and PM2.5 accurately in typical cities, with correlation coefficients (R) above 0.5 and NMBs within ±0.5. Compared with the global simulation, the nested simulation exhibits an improved ability to capture the high temporal and spatial variability over China. In particular, the R values for SO2, NO2 and PM2.5 are increased by ∼0.15, ∼0.2, and ∼0.25 respectively in the nested grid. Based on the evaluation and analysis, future model improvements are suggested.

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Section: Trace Gasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

IAP-AACM v1.0: a global to regional evaluation of the atmospheric chemistry model in CAS-ESM

Wei

Chen

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…In this paper, we describe and evaluate the implementation of a new two-moment cloud microphysical scheme (Kuebbeler et al, 2014) into the global model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry; Jöckel et al, 2010) and its coupling to the aerosol microphysics submodel MADE3 (Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe adapted for global applications, third generation; Kaiser et al, 2019) submodel. The new cloud scheme is based on a previous scheme by Lohmann and Hoose (2009) already available in EMAC, but it now includes the parameterization of aerosol-induced cirrus cloud formation by Kärcher et al (2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their resulting estimates of the radiative forcing from various emission sources show a potentially large impact of aerosolinduced cirrus modifications on climate, although other studies (Hendricks et al, 2011;Gettelman and Chen, 2013) found no statistically significant effects. The compelling need for additional insights into this issue motivated the extension of MADE3 towards a better resolved representation of INP properties (Kaiser et al, 2019) and the coupling to a new cloud scheme with a detailed parameterization for aerosol-induced ice formation in cirrus clouds, which is described in the present paper. Since, as discussed above, experimental support for the ice-nucleating properties of BC are still very limited, the modeling tools need to be designed in such a way that different assumptions can be flexibly and efficiently assessed by means of sensitivity studies, in order to explore the parameter space and provide a more precise uncertainty estimate for the resulting effects on climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since no dust is present in the mixed and insoluble Aitken modes, each particle of these modes contains BC. Note that organic carbon cannot generate BC-free particles in these modes since it is assumed to be emitted internally mixed with BC in the form of "soot" (Kaiser et al, 2019). Furthermore, only the mixed mode BC particles can be activated to form cloud droplets.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A new approach to simulate aerosol effects on cirrus clouds in EMAC v2.54

Righi

Hendricks

Lohmann

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. A new cloud microphysical scheme including a detailed parameterization for aerosol-driven ice formation in cirrus clouds is implemented in the global chemistry climate model EMAC and coupled to the aerosol submodel MADE3. The new scheme is able to consistently simulate three regimes of stratiform clouds (liquid, mixed- and ice-phase (cirrus) clouds), considering the impact of aerosol on the activation of cloud droplets and the nucleation of ice crystals. In the cirrus regime, it accounts for the competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing for the available supersaturated water vapor, taking into account different types of ice-nucleating particles, whose specific ice-nucleating properties can be flexibly varied in the model setup. The new model configuration was tuned using satellite data to find the optimal set of parameters that reproduces the observations. A detailed evaluation is also performed comparing the model results for standard cloud and radiation variables with a comprehensive set of observations from satellite retrievals and in situ measurements. The performance of EMAC-MADE3 in this new coupled configuration is in line with similar global coupled models and with other global aerosol models featuring ice cloud parameterizations. Some remaining discrepancies, especially with regard to ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus, which are a common problem of this kind of models, need to be the subject of future investigations. To further demonstrate the readiness of the new model system for application studies, an estimate of the global anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing is provided and discussed in the context of the CMIP5 results for the IPCC.

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“…The comparisons are supported with determination of the veracity of emissions data and meteorological observations. The chemical transport modeling can be extended to global averages over time and space constraints relevant to long-term phenomena; these are not discussed here, but are accessed in other venues [250][251][252].…”

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confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Chemistry in a Box or a Bag

Hidy¹

2019

Atmosphere

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Environmental chambers have proven to be essential for atmospheric photochemistry research. This historical perspective summarizes chamber research characterizing smog. Experiments with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have characterized O 3 and aerosol chemistry. These led to the creation and evaluation of complex reaction mechanisms adopted for various applications. Gas-phase photochemistry was initiated and developed using chamber studies. Post-1950s study of photochemical aerosols began using smog chambers. Much of the knowledge about the chemistry of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) derives from chamber studies complemented with specially designed atmospheric studies. Two major findings emerge from post-1990s SOA experiments: (1) photochemical SOAs hypothetically involve hydrocarbons and oxygenates with carbon numbers of 2, and (2) SOA evolves via more than one generation of reactions as condensed material exchanges with the vapor phase during "aging". These elements combine with multiphase chemistry to yield mechanisms for aerosols. Smog chambers, like all simulators, are limited representations of the atmosphere. Translation to the atmosphere is complicated by constraints in reaction times, container interactions, influence of precursor injections, and background species. Interpretation of kinetics requires integration into atmospheric models addressing the combined effects of precursor emissions, surface exchange, hydrometeor interactions, air motion and sunlight.

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Global aerosol modeling with MADE3 (v3.0) in EMAC (based on v2.53): model description and evaluation

Cited by 29 publications

References 165 publications

IAP-AACM v1.0: a global to regional evaluation of the atmospheric chemistry model in CAS-ESM

IAP-AACM v1.0: a global to regional evaluation of the atmospheric chemistry model in CAS-ESM

A new approach to simulate aerosol effects on cirrus clouds in EMAC v2.54

Atmospheric Chemistry in a Box or a Bag

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