Global air pollution exposure and poverty

Rentschler, Jun; Leonova, Nadezda

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39797-4

Cited by 138 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Other omissions include second-hand exposure to smoking or vaping and air quality in general. However, while not a comprehensive assessment, a measure of familial poverty was included which is associated with exposure to poorer air quality [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between vaping and self-reported respiratory symptoms in young people in Canada, England and the US

Brose,

Reid,

Robson

et al. 2024

BMC Med

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Background Prevalence of youth nicotine vaping has increased, heightening concerns around negative health effects. This study aimed to compare self-reported respiratory symptoms among youth by vaping behaviours. Methods Participants (n = 39,214) aged 16–19 from the 2020 and 2021 International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Surveys (Canada, England, US). Weighted multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between reporting any of five respiratory symptoms in the past week (shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, phlegm, cough) and: past 30-day smoking and/or vaping; lifetime/current vaping. Among past-30-day vapers (n = 4644), we assessed associations between symptoms and vaping frequency, use of nicotine salts, usual flavour and device type(s). Results Overall, 27.8% reported experiencing any of the five respiratory symptoms. Compared with youth who had only vaped, those who had only smoked had similar odds of symptoms [adjusted odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI): 0.97 (0.85–1.10)], those who both smoked and vaped had higher odds [1.26 (1.12–1.42)], and those who had done neither, lower odds [0.67 (0.61–0.72)]. Compared with those who had never vaped, past use, experimentation and current regular or occasional use were all associated with higher odds. Reporting usually using nicotine salts was associated with higher odds of symptoms [1.43 (1.22–1.68)] than non-salt but was often uncertain. Compared with tobacco flavour (including with menthol), menthol/mint and sweets flavours were associated with similar odds; fruit [1.44 (1.07–1.93)], multiple [1.76 (1.30–2.39)] and ‘other’ [2.14 (1.45–3.16)] flavours with higher odds. All device types were associated with similar odds. Conclusions Among youth, vaping was associated with increased reporting of past-week respiratory symptoms. Among those who vaped, some flavour types and potentially nicotine salts were associated with respiratory symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between vaping and self-reported respiratory symptoms in young people in Canada, England and the US

Brose,

Reid,

Robson

et al. 2024

BMC Med

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“…Air pollution was a contributing cause of death in 2019, with over 6.67 million deaths globally, of which 4.14 million were attributed to ambient pollution and 2.31 million to household pollution. Air pollution annually contributes to an extensive range of chronic, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases 3 , 4 . Moreover, long-term exposure to air pollution is perceived to have determinantal effects on life expectancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Azimi,

Rahman

2024

Sci Rep

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Air pollution poses a persuasive threat to global health, demonstrating widespread detrimental effects on populations worldwide. Exposure to pollutants, notably particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm (PM2.5), has been unequivocally linked to a spectrum of adverse health outcomes. A nuanced understanding of the relationship between them is crucial for implementing effective policies. This study employs a comprehensive investigation, utilizing the extended health production function framework alongside the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) technique, to scrutinize the interplay between air pollution and health outcomes. Focusing on a panel of the top twenty polluted nations from 2000 to 2021, the findings yield substantial insights. Notably, PM2.5 concentration emerges as a significant factor, correlating with a reduction in life expectancy by 3.69 years and an increase in infant mortality rates by 0.294%. Urbanization is found to increase life expectancy by 0.083 years while concurrently decreasing infant mortality rates by 0.00022%. An increase in real per capita gross domestic product corresponds with an improvement in life expectancy by 0.21 years and a decrease in infant mortality rates by 0.00065%. Similarly, an elevated school enrollment rate is associated with a rise in life expectancy by 0.17 years and a decline in infant mortality rates by 0.00032%. However, a higher population growth rate is found to modestly decrease life expectancy by 0.019 years and slightly elevate infant mortality rates by 0.000016%. The analysis reveals that per capita greenhouse gas emissions exert a negative impact, diminishing life expectancy by 0.486 years and elevating infant mortality rates by 0.00061%, while per capita energy consumption marginally reduces life expectancy by 0.026 years and increases infant mortality rates by 0.00004%. Additionally, economic volatility shock presents a notable decrement in life expectancy by 0.041 years and an increase in infant mortality rates by 0.000045%, with inflationary shock further exacerbating adverse health outcomes by lowering life expectancy by 0.70 years and elevating infant mortality rates by 0.00025%. Moreover, the study scrutinizes the role of institutional quality, revealing a constructive impact on health outcomes. Specifically, the institutional quality index is associated with an increase in life expectancy by 0.66% and a decrease in infant mortality rates by 0.0006%. Extending the analysis to examine the nuanced dimensions of institutional quality, the findings discern that economic institutions wield a notably stronger positive influence on health outcomes compared to political and institutional governance indices. Finally, the results underscore the pivotal moderating role of institutional quality in mitigating the deleterious impact of PM2.5 concentration on health outcomes, counterbalancing the influence of external shocks, and improving the relationships between explanatory variables and health outcome indicators. These findings offer critical insights for guiding evidence-based policy implications, with a focus on fostering resilient, sustainable, and health-conscious societies.

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“…The efficacy of DL in PM 2 . 5 prediction is attributed to the capacity of DL to handle extensive datasets, which is crucial to this type of prediction [ [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep-learning architecture for PM2.5 concentration prediction: A review

Zhou,

Wang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

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Global air pollution exposure and poverty

Cited by 138 publications

References 35 publications

Associations between vaping and self-reported respiratory symptoms in young people in Canada, England and the US

Associations between vaping and self-reported respiratory symptoms in young people in Canada, England and the US

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Deep-learning architecture for PM2.5 concentration prediction: A review

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