Global Amphibian Declines, Loss of Genetic Diversity and Fitness: A Review

Allentoft, Morten E.; O’Brien, John

doi:10.3390/d2010047

Cited by 173 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…Unlike with birds, there was a greater richness in the periphery of the active mine than in the forest or the abandoned mine. While birds are highly mobile, anuran species generally have restricted ranges and poor dispersal capacity, limiting their ability to escape areas of high noise disturbance that may be competing with their calls [42]. Moreover, many anuran species adapt to high levels of noise [12], and others tolerate a high degree of habitat modification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Small-Scale Gold Mining on Birds and Anurans Near the Tambopata Natural Reserve, Peru, Assessed Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring

Álvarez-Berríos

Campos‐Cerqueira

Hernández-Serna

et al. 2016

Tropical Conservation Science

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Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASM) is becoming a significant cause of environmental degradation in tropical ecosystems. In this study, we conducted a rapid assessment on the impact of an ASM gold mine on the vocalizing avian and anuran communities in the buffer zone of the Tambopata National Reserve in Peru. We used seven audio recorders (three near an active mine, two in an abandoned mine, and two in an adjacent forest) to collect 2900 recordings to generate soundscapes and compare acoustic activity patterns of birds and anurans among sites. We identified 56 bird species during the morning chorus (05:00-07:00) and 9 anurans species in the evening chorus (18:00-20:00). Bird species richness was similar between the forest (28 bird species), the abandoned mine (25 species) and the active mine (24 species), but species richness of birds sensitive to disturbance was much lower in the active mine. In contrast, anuran species richness was highest in the active mine (5 species) and lowest in the forest (2 species). Results indicate that acoustic monitoring and soundscape analysis can be effective tools for evaluating the impact of mining activities on vocalizing species, and could become useful tools in rapid environmental impact assessments for mitigation and conservation strategies in ASM mining regions.Key words: Soundscapes, passive acoustic monitoring, mining, Madre de Dios, biodiversity rapid assessment Resumen La extracción aurífera artesanal y en pequeña escala (ASM por sus siglas en inglés) se está convirtiendo en una causa importante de degradación ambiental en los ecosistemas tropicales. En este estudio, se llevo a cabo una evaluación rápida del impacto de una mina de oro artesanal en las comunidades de aves y de anuros en la Zona de Amortiguamiento de la Reserva Nacional de Tambopata en el Perú. Se usaron siete grabadoras de audio (tres cerca de una mina activa, dos en una mina abandonada, y dos en un bosque adyacente) para recoger 2900 grabaciones de paisajes sonoros y poder generar y comparar los patrones de actividad acústica entre sitios mediante la identificación de sus vocalizaciones. Se identificaron 56 especies de aves durante el coro de la mañana (5:00-7:00) y 9 especies de anuros en el coro de la noche (18:00-20:00). La riqueza de especies de aves fue similar entre el bosque (28 especies de aves), la mina abandonada (25 especies) y la mina activa (24 especies), pero la riqueza de especies de aves sensibles a la perturbación fue mucho menor en la mina activa. Por el contrario, la riqueza de especies de anuros fue mayor en la mina activa (5 especies) y más baja en el bosque (2 especies). Los resultados indican que el monitoreo acústico y el análisis sonoro pueden ser herramientas eficaces para evaluar el impacto de las actividades mineras sobre las especies que vocalizan, y podrían llegar a ser herramientas útiles en las evaluaciones rápidas de impacto ambiental y en las estrategias de mitigación y conservación de biodiversidad en las regiones de minería artesanal.Palabras clave: Pa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Small-Scale Gold Mining on Birds and Anurans Near the Tambopata Natural Reserve, Peru, Assessed Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring

Álvarez-Berríos

Campos‐Cerqueira

Hernández-Serna

et al. 2016

Tropical Conservation Science

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“…These results are likely to carry over into adulthood and be further compounded by reductions in mating success (Bowcock et al 2013). Smaller, 'weaker' adults are less likely to mate, resulting in reduced fitness and recruitment to subsequent generations (Allentoft & O'Brien 2010). Thus, the sublethal effects of Bd on individual larvae could have lasting effects that would influence entire populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis exposure effects on foraging efficiencies and body size in anuran tadpoles

Hanlon¹,

Lynch²,

Kerby³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Chytridiomycosis, the amphibian disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is fatal to adults of many species. Bd is largely sublethal to amphibian larvae; however, it is known to reduce larval (i.e. tadpole) growth rates, with possible long-term effects on population dynamics and fitness. We conducted an experiment to test how Bd altered southern leopard frog Lithobates sphenocephalus tadpole mouthpart damage, percentage of food ingested, and subsequent body size. We examined our results using path analyses. We hypothesized that Bd would increase mouthpart damage, causing less food to be ingested, and ultimately reduce body size. In our model, both Bd exposure and increased mouthpart damage significantly reduced food ingested and subsequent body size. However, our study provides evidence against the long-standing hypothesis of mouthpart damage as a pathway for Bd-induced reductions in larval group. Here we provide evidence for reduced foraging efficiency (percentage of food ingested) as a mechanism for Bd-induced reductions in body size. This work highlights the importance of studying the sublethal effects of Bd on larval amphibians. KEY WORDS: Chytrid fungus · Feeding · Larvae · Life history traits · Path analysisResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher © Inter-Research 2015 · www.int-res.com Dis Aquat Org 112: [237][238][239][240][241][242] 2015 al. (2013) showed that Bd exposure reduced tadpole size, and mouthpart damage reduced the size of tadpole guts relative to body size. In other words, studies have shown that Bd causes mouthpart damage, damage reduces foraging efficiency, and reduced efficiency reduces growth. So it can be inferred that Bd-induced mouthpart damage potentially reduces growth. However, this pathway has never been proven. While previous studies have provided evidence for possible pathways by which Bd-induced reductions in tadpole growth may occur, a direct pathway from Bd-induced mouthpart damage to reduced growth has yet to be confirmed.Much work has focused on the direct, lethal effects of Bd on host populations. While such research is imperative to our understanding of the disease, the sublethal effects of Bd, especially on larval amphibians, could have lasting carry-over effects that negatively alter natural populations. To address the sublethal impact(s) of Bd on tadpoles and identify a pathway whereby Bd reduces growth and development, we tested the hypothesis that Bd would cause mouthpart damage, food intake, and subsequent growth. We conducted a laboratory study using southern leopard frog Lithobates sphenocephalus tadpoles. Using path analyses, we tested how Bd, mouthpart damage, and percentage of food in the gut (hereafter gut content), directly or indirectly influenced body size (growth measure). We predicted that Bd would increase mouthpart damage, in turn reducing gut content and subsequent body size. Also, independent of Bd exposure, we predicted that increased mouthpart damage would negati...

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“…It is difficult to generalize across taxa, but reptiles and amphibians in particular contain a greater proportion of less-vagile species than birds, large mammals and flying insects (Allentoft & O'Brien, 2010;Mac Nally & Brown, 2001;Rivera-Ortíz, Aguilar, Arizmendi, Quesada, & Oyama, 2015 (Maron, Goulding, Ellis, & Mohd-Taib, 2012).…”

Section: Geographic and Taxonomic Biasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of impediments to animal movements at different scales: A conceptual framework and review

Cosgrove

McWhorter

Maron

2017

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: The persistence of animal populations depends on individuals moving successfully around a landscape, but habitat fragmentation can hinder this by reducing functional connectivity. The proximate cause of population declines in fragmented habitat is dependent on the spatial and temporal scales of movement restrictions. Location: Global.Methods: We present a conceptual framework highlighting the relationship between spatial and temporal scales, and three mechanisms through which detrimental impacts can occur when movement is disrupted in fragmented landscapes: limited resource access, restricted demographic exchange and impeded gene flow. We then review the literature to identify the proportion of studies conducted on each mechanism and whether biases existed in how often each was studied among different geographic zones or taxa. A random selection of 250 articles was classified by the mechanism, geographic region and taxon studied in each article.Results: Our conceptual framework highlighted that each of the three mechanisms tends to be characterized by movement restriction at progressively larger spatial and temporal scales. In our literature review, we found that the overwhelming majority (77%) of articles investigated impeded gene flow, and only 17% and 10% explored restricted demographic exchange and limited resource access, respectively. Work on limited resource access was disproportionately low for particular taxonomic groups, such as reptiles and amphibians.Main conclusions: Distinguishing which mechanisms are disrupted in a particular system is crucial because addressing each is likely to require a distinct conservation management response. We encourage greater focus on the less-studied mechanisms of restricted demographic exchange and limited resource access. K E Y W O R D Sdemographic rescue, food availability, genetic diversity, habitat fragmentation, habitat loss, literature review, matrix, spatial scale, structural connectivity

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Global Amphibian Declines, Loss of Genetic Diversity and Fitness: A Review

Cited by 173 publications

References 164 publications

Impacts of Small-Scale Gold Mining on Birds and Anurans Near the Tambopata Natural Reserve, Peru, Assessed Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring

Impacts of Small-Scale Gold Mining on Birds and Anurans Near the Tambopata Natural Reserve, Peru, Assessed Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis exposure effects on foraging efficiencies and body size in anuran tadpoles

Consequences of impediments to animal movements at different scales: A conceptual framework and review

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