Global analysis reveals that cryptic diversity is linked with habitat but not mode of life

Poulin, Robert; León, Gerardo Pérez‐Ponce de

doi:10.1111/jeb.13034

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Also, the number of markers, the number of sequences and the number of base pairs generally correlate positively with each other across studies, for both mitochondrial and nuclear genes (see Poulin & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2017). Therefore, we use only the number of sequences to control for study effort in subsequent analyses, since the number of cryptic species found tends to increase with the level of effort put into their search (Poulin, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…genetically distinct but morphologically similar species, are extremely common among all higher taxa (Bickford et al, 2007). When correcting for study effort and accounting for other confounding variables, cryptic species do not appear to be more frequent among parasitic than free-living taxa (Poulin & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2017). Yet cryptic parasite species are reported with increasing frequency; this is a consequence of genetic methods having become standard practice for parasite identification, and often being used deliberately to prospect for cryptic diversity (Blouin, 2002;Locke et al, 2010;Rosas-Valdez et al, 2011;Razo-Mendivil et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An updated look at the uneven distribution of cryptic diversity among parasitic helminths

León

Poulin

2017

J. Helminthol.

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Cryptic parasite diversity is a major issue for taxonomy and systematics, and for attempts to control diseases of humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Here, we re-examine an earlier report that, after correcting for sampling effort, more cryptic species of trematodes are found per published study than for other helminth taxa. We performed a meta-analysis of 110 studies that used DNA sequences to search for cryptic species in parasitic helminth taxa. After correcting for study effort and accounting for the biogeographical region of origins, we found that more cryptic species tend to be uncovered among trematodes, and fewer among cestodes and animal-parasitic nematodes, than in other helminth groups. However, this pattern was only apparent when we included only studies using nuclear markers in the analysis; it was not seen in a separate analysis based only on mitochondrial markers. We propose that the greater occurrence of cryptic diversity among trematodes may be due to some of their unique features, such as their mode of reproduction or frequent lack of hard morphological structures, or to the way in which trematode species are described. Whatever the reason, the high frequency of cryptic species among trematodes has huge implications for estimates of parasite diversity and for future taxonomic research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated look at the uneven distribution of cryptic diversity among parasitic helminths

León

Poulin

2017

J. Helminthol.

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“…Martin, Gido, Bello, Dodds, & Veach, 2016). To take SIPD into account in general conservation policy and local conservation initiatives (Poulin & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2017), it is necessary to understand its full extent and nature in lakes, as well as its evolutionary origins and significance. This is only possible by undertaking wide ranging surveys of fish communities, in representative but randomly selected sets of lakes.…”

Section: Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…structuring into genetic populations, has been increasingly resolved by molecular genetic analyses. It is now widely reported across most taxonomic groups, including fish and other freshwater taxa (Poulin & Pérez‐Ponce de León, ), and has led some to view SIPD as common and widespread (Bickford et al., ; Seehausen & Wagner, ; Vonlanthen et al., ). Arguably, this might be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include their wide-ranging distribution and, in many areas such as the northern hemisphere, their extreme numbers, as well as the relative inaccessibility of many, and the physical and psychological remoteness of the underwater world for humans. Furthermore, aquatic taxa tend to show less overt phenotypic differentiation than other groups (Seidel, Lang, & Berg, 2009), such that it is more likely to be cryptic (or pseudocryptic) (Cardoso, Erwin, Borges, & New, 2011;Lajus, Sukhikh, & Alekseev, 2015;Poulin & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2017). This is problematic for species accounts given an historical bias towards using morphological criteria to define taxa and subjectivity in species designations (Bickford et al, 2007;Fujita, Leaché, Burbrink, McGuire, & Moritz, 2012;Hey, 2006;Pante et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unique sympatric quartet of limnetic, benthic, profundal and piscivorous brown trout populations resolved by 3D sampling and focused molecular marker selection

et al. 2018

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The full extent of sympatric intraspecific population diversity (SIPD) i.e. structuring into multiple genetically distinct Mendelian populations, remains uncertain for most lacustrine fish species, particularly in northern lakes. However, increasing application of molecular genetics is advancing understanding and has shown both that many known intraspecific sympatric lacustrine morphological and behavioural polymorphisms represent SIPD, and resolved the existence of phenotypically cryptic structuring. Uncertainty remains as only a few northern lakes have been comprehensively surveyed and existing studies focus on known phenotypic polymorphisms or exploit ad hoc field sampling, marker selection and data analysis methods. Such unfocused approaches constrain resolving power and increase the likelihood of failing to detect SIPD when present. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in a previously unstudied Scottish lake were collected by 3D stratified random netting. They were screened with both an arbitrary set of molecular markers and markers pre‐selected for their ability to resolve regional allopatric brown trout population structuring and data analysed by both Bayesian and non‐Bayesian approaches. Depth clines for mitochondrial and microsatellite markers variation were observed and found to arise from different, but overlapping, depth distributions of four genetically distinct piscivorous, limnetic, shallow benthic, and profundal benthic populations. This is the highest number of ecologically and phenotypically distinct sympatric brown populations identified in any lake to date, and includes the first reported profundal benthic form. The detection of the SIPD in Loch Laidon depended critically on the random 3D sampling and using markers preselected for their power to differentiate regional allopatric populations of trout, as well as aided by using both Bayesian and non‐Bayesian analytical approaches. The findings support the view that the extent of ecologically and evolutionarily significant SIPD is probably underestimated in brown trout and other fish species, and probably is a significant component of the biodiversity in many northern hemisphere lakes.

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Cryptic Species and Their Evolutionary Significance

Struck

Cerca

2019

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Cryptic species are detected at an ever-increasing rate, mainly due to the application of molecular data. While the impact of this hidden diversity on macro-ecology and conversation biology is widely recognized, its evolutionary significance is rarely. In recent years it became apparent that definitions of cryptic species are too ambiguous to allow the differentiation between natural phenomena from human-made artefacts. Hence, recently a unifying conceptual framework has been proposed highlighting the necessity to test the degree of reduced phenotypic disparity in cryptic species. Within this reduced disparity also lies the evolutionary significance, as cryptic species can be regarded as the opposite of adaptive radiations. Specifically, studies on evolutionary stasis can substantially benefit from including these by addressing both patterns of reduced disparity and processes resulting in the lack of phenotypic evolution. Additionally, this will allow connecting macro-evolutionary and paleontological studies with micro-evolutionary investigations of genotype-phenotype linkage.

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Global analysis reveals that cryptic diversity is linked with habitat but not mode of life

Cited by 33 publications

References 54 publications

An updated look at the uneven distribution of cryptic diversity among parasitic helminths

An updated look at the uneven distribution of cryptic diversity among parasitic helminths

Unique sympatric quartet of limnetic, benthic, profundal and piscivorous brown trout populations resolved by 3D sampling and focused molecular marker selection

Cryptic Species and Their Evolutionary Significance

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