Global and regional projections of the economic burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias from 2019 to 2050: A value of statistical life approach

Nandi, Arindam; Counts, Nathaniel Z.; Chen, Simiao; Seligman, Benjamin; Tortorice, Daniel L.; Vigo, Daniel Eduardo; Bloom, David E.

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101580

Cited by 133 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Dementia primarily affects older adults, with an age-standardized prevalence ranging from 5 to 7% in older adults aged over 60 in most parts of the world ( Prince et al, 2013 ). With 33.1 million disability-adjusted life years lost in 2019, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) has emerged as a major global cause of mortality and morbidity in older adults ( Nandi et al, 2022 ). With the population aging, by 2060, 13.9 million Americans are expected to have ADRD, with the prevalence of ADRD reaching 3.3% in US adults aged ≥65 years ( Matthews et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher blood cotinine level is associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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IntroductionSecondhand smoke (SHS) is common in older adults; however, its cognitive effect is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between serum cotinine level and cognitive functioning among non-smoking older adults.Materials and methodsA total of 2,703 older adults aged 60 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) Survey 2011–2014 were included. Serum cotinine level was analyzed in the laboratory. A level ≤10 ng/ml and a response of “no” to the question “Do you currently smoke?” were used to select non-smokers. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed recall tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between serum cotinine level quartile and test-specific and global cognition z scores adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking history, prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and systolic blood pressure.ResultsAbout half of the participants (mean age 70.5 years) were female (53.6%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (50.2%). Multivariate linear regressions with a reference group being those in the 1st quantile (lowest) showed that participants in the 4th quartile (highest) of serum cotinine level had lower immediate recall [β = −0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.29, −0.03], AFT (β = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.33, −0.05), DSST (β = −0.27, 95% CI = −0.39, −0.15), and global cognition (β = −0.26, 95% CI = −0.39, −0.14) z scores. Participants in the 3rd quartile had lower immediate recall (β = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.30, −0.02) and global cognition (β = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.29, −0.02) z scores. Participants in the 2nd quartile had lower delayed recall z scores (β = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.29, −0.02).ConclusionHigher serum cotinine level was associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults. Prevention and reduction of SHS in older adults may help protect their cognitive functioning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher blood cotinine level is associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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“…The costs of dementia at the personal and family level are incalculable, but the global financial costs are estimated to be on the order of USD 3 trillion [ 136 ] yearly. By comparison, the total yearly NIH budget at USD 45 billion dollars is only 1.5% of this number, and the operating expenses of a huge corporation such as Amazon are on the order of USD 100 billion each year, or 3% of the costs of dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective: Challenges in Dementia Research

Stecker

2022

Medicina

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Although dementia is a common and devastating disease that has been studied intensely for more than 100 years, no effective disease modifying treatment has been found. At this impasse, new approaches are important. The purpose of this paper is to provide, in the context of current research, one clinician’s perspective regarding important challenges in the field in the form of specific challenges. These challenges not only illustrate the scope of the problems inherent in finding treatments for dementia, but can also be specific targets to foster discussion, criticism and new research. One common theme is the need to transform research activities from small projects in individual laboratories/clinics to larger multinational projects, in which each clinician and researcher works as an integral part. This transformation will require collaboration between researchers, large corporations, regulatory/governmental authorities and the general population, as well as significant financial investments. However, the costs of transforming the approach are small in comparison with the cost of dementia.

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“…Furthermore, it has been predicted to be increased up to $4.7 trillion by 2030. Moreover, the lower and middle- income countries are expected to account for 65% of the global economic burden of AD in 2050 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amyloid Beta in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

Sehar

Rawat

Reddy

et al. 2022

IJMS

137

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects behavior, thinking, learning, and memory in elderly individuals. AD occurs in two forms, early onset familial and late-onset sporadic; genetic mutations in PS1, PS2, and APP genes cause early onset familial AD, and a combination of lifestyle, environment and genetic factors causes the late-onset sporadic form of the disease. However, accelerated disease progression is noticed in patients with familial AD. Disease-causing pathological changes are synaptic damage, and mitochondrial structural and functional changes, in addition to increased production and accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid beta (Aβ) in the affected brain regions in AD patients. Aβ is a peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by proteolytic cleavage of beta and gamma secretases. APP is a glycoprotein that plays a significant role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis like signaling, neuronal development, and intracellular transport. Aβ is reported to have both protective and toxic effects in neurons. The purpose of our article is to summarize recent developments of Aβ and its association with synapses, mitochondria, microglia, astrocytes, and its interaction with p-tau. Our article also covers the therapeutic strategies that reduce Aβ toxicities in disease progression and discusses the reasons for the failures of Aβ therapeutics.

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Global and regional projections of the economic burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias from 2019 to 2050: A value of statistical life approach

Cited by 133 publications

References 40 publications

Higher blood cotinine level is associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults

Higher blood cotinine level is associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults

A Perspective: Challenges in Dementia Research

Amyloid Beta in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

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