Global and regional trends in greenhouse gas emissions from rice production, trade, and consumption

Wang, Xiang; Chang, Xiaoyan; Ma, Libang; Bai, Jing; Liang, M.S.; Yan, Simin

doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107141

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…No specific timeframe is assumed/prescribed for this transition as the simulation intends to estimate the benefits than develop a strategy. Two scenarios are constructed (Table 1) [5] (Wang et al, 2023). The first follows a consumption approach.…”

Section: Methodology and Data 21 Impacts Of A Shift Cropping Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saving farm subsidies with smart climate interventions: the case of transition to a millet-based agriculture

Sedithippa Janarthanan

2024

CAER

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PurposeThe study attempts to estimate farm subsidies the governments can save by transitioning to a millet-based production system, replacing GHG emission-intensive crops.Design/methodology/approachIt updates a 131 × 131 commodity input–output (IO) table of the year 2015–16 into 2021–22 using the RAS procedure and simulates the economy-wide impacts of replacing rice and wheat with pearl millet and sorghum using consumption and production approaches. It then quantifies fertilizer, electricity and credit subsidy expenses the government can save through this intervention. It also estimates the potential reduction in GHG emissions that the transition could bring about. India is taken as a case.FindingsResults show pearl millet expansion brings greater benefits to the government. It is estimated that when households return to their pearl millet consumption rates that prevailed in the early-reform period, this could save the Indian government Rs. 622 crores (USD 75 m). The savings shall be reinvested in agriculture to finance climate adaptation/mitigation efforts, contributing to a sustainable food system. Net GHG emissions also decline by 3.3–3.6 MMT CO2e.Practical implicationsIndian government has been actively aiming to bring down paddy areas since 2013–14 through the Crop Diversification Program and promoting millets (and pulses and oilseeds) on these farms. The prime reason is to check rapidly declining groundwater irrigation in Green Revolution states. Regulations in the past in these states have not brought the intended results. Meanwhile, electricity and fertilizers are heavily subsidized for agriculture. A slight shift in the cropping system can help conserve these resources. Meanwhile, GHG emissions could also be brought down and subsidies could well be saved. The results of the study indicate the same.Social implicationsA less warm society is what governments and nongovernment organizations across the world are aiming for at present. Financial implications affect actions against climate change to a greater extent, apart from technological innovations. The effects of policy strategies discussed in the study, taking a large country as a case, when implemented appropriately around the regions, could help move a step closer to action against climate change.Originality/valueThe paper addresses a key but rarely explored research issue – that how a climate-sensitive crop choice will help reduce the government’s fiscal burden to finance climate adaption/mitigation. It also offers a mechanism to estimate the benefits within an economy-wide framework.

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Section: Methodology and Data 21 Impacts Of A Shift Cropping Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saving farm subsidies with smart climate interventions: the case of transition to a millet-based agriculture

Sedithippa Janarthanan

2024

CAER

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“…Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains many kinds of nutrients and mineral elements and is a widely consumed staple food for more than 50% of the world’s population . However, higher-value rice with geographical indication status can be affected by fraud, which damages consumer trust and leads to food safety issues. , Therefore, it is increasingly important to promote the supervision of the quality and safety of Chinese rice by government departments and regulatory agencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water Isotope Composition on Stable Isotope Distribution and Fractionation of Rice and Plant Tissues

Zhang,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Rice origin authenticity is important for food safety and consumer confidence. The stable isotope composition of rice is believed to be closely related to its water source, which affects its origin characteristics. However, the influence of water availability on the distribution of rice stable isotopes (δ 2 H and δ 18 O) is not clear. In this study, three irrigation waters with different isotopic values were used to investigate isotopic water use effects of Indica and Japonica rice, using pot experiments. Under three different water isotope treatments, the δ 2 H values of Indica polished rice showed significant differences (−65.0 ± 2.3, −60.5 ± 0.8 and −55.8 ± 1.7‰, respectively, p < 0.05) compared to δ 13 C and δ 15 N, as did Japonica polished rice. The values of δ 2 H and δ 18 O of rice became more positive when applying more enriched (in 2 H and 18 O) water, and the enrichment effect was higher in rice than in the corresponding plant tissue. In addition, the δ 2 H and δ 18 O values of Indica rice leaves decreased at the heading stage, increased at the filling stage, and then decreased at the harvest stage. Japonica rice showed a similar trend. δ 2 H changes from stem to leaf were more negative, but δ 18 O changes were more positive, and δ 2 H and δ 18 O values from leaf to rice were more positive for both brown and polished rice. The results from this study will clarify different water isotopic composition effects on rice and provide useful information to improve rice origin authenticity using stable isotope-based methods.

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“…Rice is an important source of food, and more than 50% percent of people rely on rice to fulfill their hunger needs globally [ 1 ]. Rice production and consumption is perhaps the most critical economic activity, and it is believed that nearly every day, rice food is taken by half of the population globally at least once [ 2 ]. Moreover, hybrid rice is important for improving food security and enhancing crop production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Rice Production: A Worldwide Review of Floral Traits and Breeding Technology, with Special Emphasis on China

Ashraf,

Ghouri,

Baloch

et al. 2024

Plants

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Rice is an important diet source for the majority of the world’s population, and meeting the growing need for rice requires significant improvements at the production level. Hybrid rice production has been a significant breakthrough in this regard, and the floral traits play a major role in the development of hybrid rice. In grass species, rice has structural units called florets and spikelets and contains different floret organs such as lemma, palea, style length, anther, and stigma exsertion. These floral organs are crucial in enhancing rice production and uplifting rice cultivation at a broader level. Recent advances in breeding techniques also provide knowledge about different floral organs and how they can be improved by using biotechnological techniques for better production of rice. The rice flower holds immense significance and is the primary focal point for researchers working on rice molecular biology. Furthermore, the unique genetics of rice play a significant role in maintaining its floral structure. However, to improve rice varieties further, we need to identify the genomic regions through mapping of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) or by using GWAS (genome-wide association studies) and their validation should be performed by developing user-friendly molecular markers, such as Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP). This review outlines the role of different floral traits and the benefits of using modern biotechnological approaches to improve hybrid rice production. It focuses on how floral traits are interrelated and their possible contribution to hybrid rice production to satisfy future rice demand. We discuss the significance of different floral traits, techniques, and breeding approaches in hybrid rice production. We provide a historical perspective of hybrid rice production and its current status and outline the challenges and opportunities in this field.

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Global and regional trends in greenhouse gas emissions from rice production, trade, and consumption

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Saving farm subsidies with smart climate interventions: the case of transition to a millet-based agriculture

Saving farm subsidies with smart climate interventions: the case of transition to a millet-based agriculture

Effects of Water Isotope Composition on Stable Isotope Distribution and Fractionation of Rice and Plant Tissues

Hybrid Rice Production: A Worldwide Review of Floral Traits and Breeding Technology, with Special Emphasis on China

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