Global and regional trends in greenhouse gas emissions from livestock

Caro, Dario; Davis, Steven J.; Bastianoni, Simone; Caldeira, Ken

doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1197-x

Cited by 170 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The WHO also recommends reductions in the consumption of trans fats, which were not included in the current analysis as trans fat reductions are generally achieved at the industrial stage rather than by changes in diet. Although many micronutrients are considered important for health, previous research has shown that meat production is responsible for a large proportion of dietary carbon emissions (15) ; therefore we extracted data on micronutrients that have been highlighted as potentially deficient in a low-meat diet (16) . We used a modified QUADAS-2 tool (17) to assess the risk of bias in individual studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do low-carbon-emission diets lead to higher nutritional quality and positive health outcomes? A systematic review of the literature

Payne¹,

Scarborough²,

Cobiac³

2016

Public Health Nutr.

128

114

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Objective:To evaluate what is known about the relative health impacts, in terms of nutrient intake and health outcomes, of diets with reduced greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Design: We systematically reviewed the results of published studies that link GHGE of dietary patterns to nutritional content or associated consequences for health. Setting: We included studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals that included data on actual and modelled diets and enabled a matched comparison of GHGE with nutrient composition and/or health outcomes. Subjects: Studies included used data from subjects from the general population, who had taken part in dietary surveys or prospective cohort studies. Results: We identified sixteen eligible studies, with data on 100 dietary patterns. We present the results as dietary links between GHGE reduction and impact on nutrients to limit (n 151), micronutrient content (n 158) and health outcomes (n 25). The results were highly heterogeneous. Across all measures of 'healthiness', 64 % (n 214) of dietary links show that reduced GHGE from diets were associated with worse health indicators. However, some trends emerged. In particular, reduced saturated fat and salt are often associated with reduced GHGE in diets that are low in animal products (57/84). Yet these diets are also often high in sugar (38/55) and low in essential micronutrients (129/158). Conclusions: Dietary scenarios that have lower GHGE compared with average consumption patterns may not result in improvements in nutritional quality or health outcomes. Dietary recommendations for reduced GHGE must also address sugar consumption and micronutrient intake.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do low-carbon-emission diets lead to higher nutritional quality and positive health outcomes? A systematic review of the literature

Payne¹,

Scarborough²,

Cobiac³

2016

Public Health Nutr.

128

114

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“…Greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector in developing countries continue to rise, and the biggest increase is from CH 4 , followed by N 2 O Caro et al, 2014;Bhatta et al, 2015). From 2005 to 2030, CH 4 emissions from enteric fermentation are projected to grow.…”

Section: Projections Of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By 2030, CH 4 emission is likely to have increased by 79%, 69%, and 16% in West Africa, Southern Africa, and Central Africa, respectively. In a fifty-year study, the analysis of CH 4 emissions in developing regions has shown an increase, particularly in more recent years (Caro et al, 2014). Total CH 4 emissions in Africa, Central, South America, the Middle East, and non-OECD Asia was 56% in 1990, 54.7% in 2010, and will increase to 66.8% in 2030, with the small decrease in 2010 because of the world financial banking crisis, which started in 2008 and affected all sectors, including livestock production in developing countries (Török et al, 2015).…”

Section: Projections Of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total CH 4 emissions in Africa, Central, South America, the Middle East, and non-OECD Asia was 56% in 1990, 54.7% in 2010, and will increase to 66.8% in 2030, with the small decrease in 2010 because of the world financial banking crisis, which started in 2008 and affected all sectors, including livestock production in developing countries (Török et al, 2015). Caro et al (2014) analysed N 2 O emissions in developing countries between 1961 and 2010, highlighting an increase of N 2 O from 307.5 Mt CO 2 -eq to 701.96 Mt CO 2 -eq with positive trends for the years afterwards.…”

Section: Projections Of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane, nitrous oxide emissions and mitigation strategies for livestock in developing countries: A review

Forabosco¹,

Chitchyan²,

Mantovani³

2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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Methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are two important greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are emitted into the atmosphere by livestock during the process of enteric fermentation and manure management. Developing countries produce a large quantity of those emissions, caused mainly by inefficient animal rearing systems, feed production and manure management. This paper outlines the CH 4 and N 2 O emitted from livestock in developing countries and the mitigation actions that could be put in place to reduce atmospheric emissions and increase animal productivity. Emission intensity expresses emission (CO 2 equivalents) per unit of product and describes it in relation to the capacity of local animals to produce from local resources. Developing countries are characterized by low production per animal and, consequently, high emission intensity. The emission intensity of dairy cattle in developing countries ranges from 2 to 9 kg CO 2 -eq/kg fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) and in only a few cases is below 2 kg CO 2 -eq/kg FPCM. In sub-Saharan Africa, the average emission intensity is 7.5 kg CO 2 -eq/kg FPCM for dairy cattle, 71 kg CO 2 -eq/kg of carcass weight for beef cattle, 6.9 kg CO 2 -eq/kg FPCM for sheep and goats, and 5 kg CO 2 -eq/kg eggs for chickens. Taking into account the limited economic and technical resources in most developing countries, the application of appropriate mitigation tools is recommended to reduce the emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O gases in the atmosphere. Increasing livestock productivity through selection and feeding is the most effective tool to reduce emission intensity. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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“…According to IPCC (2006), the emissions of GHG from the animal sector are mainly a result of enteric fermentation (dairy and nondairy cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and pigs) where methane emissions are produced in large quantities during the digestive process of ruminants, and decomposition, collection, storage, and use of animal manure in various storage systems (manure reservoir in solid and liquid forms, separately). So far, science has not evaluated the long-term trend of GHG emissions from the animal sector separately for developed and developing countries (Caro et al 2014). Apart from livestock, cultivated lands (arable lands) manured by various kinds of fertilisers can be regarded as areal sources of emissions, with leaching and runoff of nitrous oxide and other nitrogen compounds .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution spatial distribution and associated uncertainties of greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector

Charkovska

Horabik-Pyzel

Bun

et al. 2018

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Agricultural activity plays a significant role in the atmospheric carbon balance as a source and sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and has high mitigation potential. The agricultural emissions display evident geographical differences in the regional, national, and even local levels, not only due to spatially differentiated activity, but also due to very geographically different emission coefficients. Thus, spatially resolved inventories are important for obtaining better estimates of emission content and design of GHG mitigation processes to adapt to global carbon rise in the atmosphere. This study develops a geoinformation approach to a highresolution spatial inventory of GHG emissions from the agricultural sector, following the categories of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines. Using the Corine Land Cover data, a digital map of emission sources is built, with elementary areal objects that are split up by administrative boundaries. Various procedures are developed for disaggregation of available emission activity data down to a level of elementary emission objects, conditional on covariate information, such as land use, observable in the elementary object scale. Among them, a statistical scaling method suitable for spatially correlated areal emission sources is applied. As an example of implementation of this approach, the spatial distribution of methane (CH 4 ) and Nitrogen Oxide (N 2 O) emissions was obtained for areal China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China emission sources in the agriculture sector in Poland with a spatial resolution of 100 m. We calculated the specific total emissions for different types of animal and manure systems as well as the total emissions in CO 2 -equivalent. We demonstrated that the emission sources are located highly nonuniformly and the emissions from them vary substantially, so that average data may provide insufficient approximation. In our case, over 11% smaller emission was estimated using spatial approach as compared with the national inventory report where average data were used. In addition, we quantified uncertainties associated with the developed spatial inventory and analysed the dominant components in total emission uncertainties in the agriculture sector. We used the activity data from the lowest possible (municipal) level. The depth of disaggregation of these data to the level of arable lands is minimal, and hence, the relative uncertainty of spatial inventory is smaller when comparing with traditional gridded emissions. The proposed technique allows us to discuss factors driving the geographical distribution of GHG emissions for different categories of the agricultural sector. This may be particularly useful in high-resolution modelling of GHG dispersion in the atmosphere.Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-017-9779-3 Electronic supplementary material

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Global and regional trends in greenhouse gas emissions from livestock

Cited by 170 publications

References 19 publications

Do low-carbon-emission diets lead to higher nutritional quality and positive health outcomes? A systematic review of the literature

Do low-carbon-emission diets lead to higher nutritional quality and positive health outcomes? A systematic review of the literature

Methane, nitrous oxide emissions and mitigation strategies for livestock in developing countries: A review

High-resolution spatial distribution and associated uncertainties of greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector

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