Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS 2022): Investigating the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption data across the participating countries

Abstract

For the first time since 2015, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance (GLASS) featured both global reports for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) data in its annual reports. In this study we investigated the relationship of AMR with AMC within participating countries reported in the GLASS 2022 report. Our analysis found a statistically significant correlation between beta-lactam/cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones consumption and AMR to these antimicrobials associated with bloodstream E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among the participating countries (P<0.05). We observed that for every 1 unit increase in defined daily dose DDD of beta-lactam/cephalosporins and quinolone consumptions among the countries, increased the recoveries of bloodstream-associated beta-lactam/cephalosporins-resistant E. coli/Klebsiella spp. by 11–22% and quinolone-resistant E. coli/Klebsiella spp. by 31–40%. When we compared the antimicrobial consumptions between the antimicrobial ATC (Alphanumeric codes developed by WHO) groups and countries, we observed a statistically significant higher daily consumption of beta-lactam-penicillins (J01C, DDD difference range: 5.23–8.13) and cephalosporins (J01D, DDD difference range: 2.57–5.13) compared to other antimicrobial groups among the countries (adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s method). Between the participating countries, we observed a statistically significant higher daily consumption of antimicrobial groups in Iran (DDD difference range: 3.63–4.84) and Uganda (DDD difference range: 3.79–5.01) compared to other participating countries (adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s method). Understanding AMC and how it relates to AMR at the global scale is critical in the global AMR policy development and implementation of global antimicrobial stewardship.

Novel Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Urease-2 of Jack Beans for Treatment of Indian Priority Pathogens

“…To identify the organisms of top priority, WHO joined hands with Department of Biotechnology (India) and outlined antibiotic-resistant "priority pathogens" called Indian Priority Pathogens List (IPPL) that consists of Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species [3]. In line with this, the recent Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) Report 2022 emphasizes alarming resistance rates among prevalent bacterial pathogens, reporting median rates of 42% for third-generation cephalosporinresistant Escherichia coli and 35% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 76 countries as major threats [4]. Furthermore, a predicted two-fold increase in resistance is expected by 2035 [5].…”