Global attributes in visual word recognition: Contour perception of three-letter strings

Schiepers, Cwj Crit

doi:10.1016/0001-6918(78)90029-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The typeface was Courier with a height of 1.95 mm for fovea are found (Mishkin & Forgays, 1952). Recognition of letters in strings also yields asymmetrical curves (Schiepers, 1978). Latency measurements show 'an increase with eccentricity, and for letter recognition they also supply symmetrical curves (Eriksen & Schultz, 1977;Lefton & Haber, 1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…An important line of research at the Institute for Perception Research has been the specification of perceptual factors in single words in relation to the stimulus configuration (Bouma, 1971(Bouma, , 1973Schiepers, 1976aSchiepers, , 1976bSchiepers, , 1978. The linguistic aspects of word recognition, on the other hand, are brought about the reader's knowledge of the language.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Probably, our experimental conditions, which imitate reading fixations as closely as possible, were responsible for a high transfer of stimulus information, thus giving prevalence to perceptual factors. In the experiments mentioned (Bouma, 1971(Bouma, , 1973Schiepers, 1976aSchiepers, , 1976bSchiepers, , 1978, only accuracy measurements were used, indicating that the aspects of the word recognition process investigated were fairly static. Reading, however, is a dynamic process, and in order to throw light on the complexity of the recognition processes, dynamic aspects must be studied as well.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Response latency and accuracy in visual word recogniton

Schiepers¹

1980

Perception & Psychophysics

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In a single visual word recognition experiment, the effects of (11 eccentricity of presentation, (2)word length, and (3) word frequency were investigated. The stimuli used were Dutch nouns in two frequency classes of about 15 and 150.10-6 ; word length varied from 1 to 10; eccentricity varied from -4 to +4 deg. The response quality and response latency of 11 subjects were measured. For the correct responses, recognition scores decreased and response latencies increased with eccentricity; both showed asymmetrical curves in the visual field. It is argued that word length proper affects neither the probability of correct responses nor latency. A clear word frequency effect was established. The eccentricity of presentation is considered as the determinant of the amount of available information, thus directly influencing accuracy and latency. The linear relationship between accuracy and latency is a major finding. A word recognition scheme is offered which incorporates (1) activation, (2)decision, and (3) speech. The time relations between incoming retinal information and response decision, leading to an extra 400 msec for incorrect as compared with correct responses, are discussed. Word recognition in reading is examined, together with the impact of the present experimental results on information flow in successive eye fixations, eye movement control, and eye-voicespan.In the cognitive act of reading, several processes are involved: information is extracted from the text, processed, recognized, assigned a meaning, and, sometimes, uttered overtly. We are mainly interested in the visual reading processes, particularly in the cues for recognition. In printed text, words clearly form visual entities; in addition, words are emphasized in teaching people to read. We therefore work on the assumption that words are relevant units in visual reading processes.Both perceptual and linguistic factors contribute in word recognition (Neisser, 1967;Gibson & Levin, 1975). An important line of research at the Institute for Perception Research has been the specification of perceptual factors in single words in relation to the stimulus configuration (Bouma, 1971(Bouma, , 1973 Schiepers, 1976a Schiepers, , 1976bSchiepers, , 1978. The linguistic aspects of word recognition, on the other hand, are brought about the reader's knowledge of the language. Generally established linguistic factors affecting word recognition are, for example, word frequency (Broadbent, 1967;Rosenzweig & Postman, 1958), word meaning and redundancy by contrasting words vs. pseudowords vs. nonwords (Kolers, 1970;Wheeler, 1970), familiarity (Bouwhuis, 1979), and context (Morton, 1969). In our previous experiments (Schiepers, 1976b(Schiepers, , 1976c, word frequency and distributional constraints in the language were found to have only a minor influence. Probably, our experimental conditions, which imitate reading fixations as closely as possible, were responsible for a high transfer of stimulus information, thus giving prevalence to perceptual factors. In the exp...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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Response latency and accuracy in visual word recogniton

Schiepers¹

1980

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The shape of words is less important when determining the recognition of short titles (Pelli et al, 2006). Schiepers (1978) and Bock et al (1993) claim that a series of letters has a stronger impact on the recognition than the word shape. For the recognition of three-letter words, the shape of an individual letter is more important than the shape of the entire word (Bouwhuis and Bouma, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typeface comparison − Does the x-height of lower-case letters increased to the size of upper-case letters speed up recognition?

Pušnik

Podlešek

Možina

2016

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

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Laterally presented words: Orthographic analysis and serial, parallel or holistic modes of processing

Bradshaw

Mapp

1982

Australian Journal of Psychology

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In a series of four experiments, manual reaction times were measured when subjects judged whether or not laterally-presented, single-syllable four-letter words were the same as a prespecified target. Nontargets differed systematically from targets by a single letter change at one of the four letter positions. Right visual field (RVF) superiorities were generally stronger with targets, with nontargets where letter changes occurred in the middle rather than the initial or final positions, and with upper or lower case typeface. A weak or nonsignificant RVF superiority occurred with cursive script (Experiment 2), which may have required a visuospatial preprocessing contribution from the right hemisphere, and where word shape (inclusion of ascending and descending letters) was changed between targets and nontargets (Experiment 4), which may also have invoked right hemisphere mechanisms. A change at an initial letter position was detected fastest, with either letter position 3 slowest, or all letter positions except the first equally slow. This suggests that processing can proceed largely in parallel for all except the first and possibly the last letter position. These findings were discussed in the context of lateral masking of internal by initial and final letters, of gradients of retinal acuity and of a possible periphery-to-fovea or ends-first processing gradient. We found little evidence of a serial left-to-right processing scan, or of global wholeword recognition based on outline word shape, or of a qualitative (as opposed to a quantitative) difference between the hemispheres in word recognition strategies.

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Global attributes in visual word recognition: Contour perception of three-letter strings

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Response latency and accuracy in visual word recogniton

Response latency and accuracy in visual word recogniton

Typeface comparison − Does the x-height of lower-case letters increased to the size of upper-case letters speed up recognition?

Laterally presented words: Orthographic analysis and serial, parallel or holistic modes of processing

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