Global backtracking of anthropogenic radionuclides by means of a receptor oriented ensemble dispersion modelling system in support of Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification

Becker, Andreas; Wotawa, Gerhard; Geer, Lars‐Erik De; Seibert, Petra; Draxler, Roland R.; Sloan, Craig; D’Amours, R.; Hort, Matthew C.; Glaab, H.; Heinrich, Philippe; Grillon, Y.; Shershakov, V.M.; Katayama, Keiichi; Zhang, Yuetang; Stewart, Paul; Hirtl, Marcus; Jean, M.; Chen, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.048

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1). In this context, it could be interesting to make use of backward transport calculations carried out routinely by the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO/PrepCom) for its global network of radionuclide monitoring stations (Wotawa et al, 2003;Becker et al, 2007). This network is also interesting because at these sites the necessary infrastructure is already available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

et al. 2009

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Abstract.A new analytical inversion method has been developed to determine the regional and global emissions of long-lived atmospheric trace gases. It exploits in situ measurement data from three global networks and builds on backward simulations with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The emission information is extracted from the observed concentration increases over a baseline that is itself objectively determined by the inversion algorithm. The method was applied to two hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-134a, HFC-152a) and a hydrochlorofluorocarbon for the period January 2005 until March 2007. Detailed sensitivity studies with synthetic as well as with real measurement data were done to quantify the influence on the results of the a priori emissions and their uncertainties as well as of the observation and model errors. It was found that the global a posteriori emissions of HFC-134a, HFC-152a and HCFC-22 all increased from 2005 to 2006. Large increases (21%, 16%, 18%, respectively) from 2005 to 2006 were found for China, whereas the emission changes in North America (−9%, 23%, 17%, respectively) and Europe (11%, 11%, −4%, respectively) were mostly smaller and less systematic. For Europe, the a posteriori emissions of HFC-134a and HFC-152a were Correspondence to: A. Stohl (ast@nilu.no) slightly higher than the a priori emissions reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). For HCFC-22, the a posteriori emissions for Europe were substantially (by almost a factor 2) higher than the a priori emissions used, which were based on HCFC consumption data reported to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Combined with the reported strongly decreasing HCFC consumption in Europe, this suggests a substantial time lag between the reported time of the HCFC-22 consumption and the actual time of the HCFC-22 emission. Conversely, in China where HCFC consumption is increasing rapidly according to the UNEP data, the a posteriori emissions are only about 40% of the a priori emissions. This reveals a substantial storage of HCFC-22 and potential for future emissions in China. Deficiencies in the geographical distribution of stations measuring halocarbons in relation to estimating regional emissions are also discussed in the paper.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

et al. 2009

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“…Based on the routine global wind field analysis assimilated by the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), backward atmospheric transport calculations are done for every station and every measurement taken in the network (WOTAWA et al, 2003;BECKER et al, 2007). The system is organized in a four-layered workflow where the results from the basic ATM calculations are stored as so-called Source Receptor Sensitivity (SRS) fields at a suitable geo-temporal resolution (currently 1°; 3 h) half-way to the workflow.…”

Section: Modelling Of Two Selected Events With the Web-grape Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Radioxenon Levels in Europe: a Comprehensive Overview

Saey

Schlosser

Achim

et al. 2010

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Activity concentration data from ambient radioxenon measurements in ground level air, which were carried out in Europe in the framework of the International Noble Gas Experiment (INGE) in support of the development and build-up of a radioxenon monitoring network for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification regime are presented and discussed. Six measurement stations provided data from 5 years of measurements performed between 2003 and 2008: Longyearbyen (Spitsbergen, Norway), Stockholm (Sweden), Dubna (Russian Federation), Schauinsland Mountain (Germany), BruySres-le-ChA cent tel and Marseille (both France). The noble gas systems used within the INGE are designed to continuously measure low concentrations of the four radioxenon isotopes which are most relevant for detection of nuclear explosions: (131m)Xe, (133m)Xe, (133)Xe and (135)Xe with a time resolution less than or equal to 24 h and a minimum detectable concentration of (133)Xe less than 1 mBq/m(3). This European cluster of six stations is particularly interesting because it is highly influenced by a high density of nuclear power reactors and some radiopharmaceutical production facilities. The activity concentrations at the European INGE stations are studied to characterise the influence of civilian releases, to be able to distinguish them from possible nuclear explosions. It was found that the mean activity concentration of the most frequently detected isotope, (133)Xe, was 5-20 mBq/m(3) within Central Europe where most nuclear installations are situated (BruySres-le-ChA cent tel and Schauinsland), 1.4-2.4 mBq/m(3) just outside that region (Stockholm, Dubna and Marseille) and 0.2 mBq/m(3) in the remote polar station of Spitsbergen. No seasonal trends could be observed from the data. Two interesting events have been examined and their source regions have been identified using atmospheric backtracking methods that deploy Lagrangian particle dispersion modelling and inversion techniques. The results are consistent with known releases of a radiopharmaceutical facility

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“…167, (2010) Backtracking of Noble Gas Measurements Table 1 List of forward and backward modelling runs performed with the LPDM FLEXPART 5.0 (STOHL et al, 1998(STOHL et al, , 2005 BECKER et al, 2007). In addition, taking the source location information provided by the seismic part of the IMS, the same SRS fields were also utilized for a source reconstruction conducted by means of a multiple regression analysis method introduced and elaborated by WOTAWA et al (2006, 2009) and KALINOWSKI et al (2008.…”

Section: Methods and Model Set-ups Applied For Nuclear Source Estimatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backtracking of Noble Gas Measurements Taken in the Aftermath of the Announced October 2006 Event in North Korea by Means of PTS Methods in Nuclear Source Estimation and Reconstruction

Becker¹,

Wotawa²,

Ringbom

et al. 2009

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Global backtracking of anthropogenic radionuclides by means of a receptor oriented ensemble dispersion modelling system in support of Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification

Cited by 56 publications

References 32 publications

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

Environmental Radioxenon Levels in Europe: a Comprehensive Overview

Backtracking of Noble Gas Measurements Taken in the Aftermath of the Announced October 2006 Event in North Korea by Means of PTS Methods in Nuclear Source Estimation and Reconstruction

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