Global Biodiversity in Cold-Water Coral Reef Ecosystems

Henry, Lea Anne; Roberts, J. Murray

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21012-4_6

Cited by 57 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The main proportion of large and healthy-looking L. pertusa reefs occur in temperatures between 6 and 9 • C. Most reefs occur in the NE Atlantic, but reefs have also been observed on the NW and SE Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, and with some records in the Pacific and Indian oceans (see review by Roberts et al, 2006Roberts et al, , 2009Freiwald et al, 2017). L. pertusa reefs act as local biodiversity hotspots in these regions, offering a three-dimensional structure to support a diverse community (e.g., Henry and Roberts, 2017). At least 1300 associated species have been identified in L. pertusa reefs from the NE Atlantic (Roberts et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad Thermal Tolerance in the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa From Arctic and Boreal Reefs

et al. 2020

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Along the Norwegian coasts and margins, extensive reefs of the stony coral Lophelia pertusa act as hotspots for local biodiversity. Climate models project that the temperature of Atlantic deep waters could rise by 1-3 • C by 2100. In this context, understanding the effects of temperature on the physiology of cold-water species will help in evaluating their resilience to future oceanic changes. We investigated the response of L. pertusa to stepwise short-term increases in temperature. We sampled corals from four reefs, two located north of the Arctic circle and two at the mid-Norwegian shelf (boreal). In on-board experiments (one per reef), the sampled fragments were exposed to increasing temperatures from 5 to 15 • C over 58 h. Respiration increased linearly by threefold for a 10 • C increase. The short-term temperature increase did not induce mortality, cellular (neutral red assay for lysosome membrane stability; but one exception) or oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation assay) -to a few exceptions. However, the variability of the respiration responses depended on the experiment (i.e., reef location), possibly linked to the genetic structure of the individuals that we sampled (e.g., clones or siblings). The corals from the Arctic and boreal regions appear to have a high tolerance to the rapid temperature fluctuations they experience in the field. Over extended periods of time however, an increased metabolism could deplete the energy stored by the corals, if not met by an increased food availability and/or uptake. Empirical data on organisms' thermal performance curves, such as the one presented in this study for L. pertusa, will be useful to implement predictive models on the responses of species and populations to climate change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad Thermal Tolerance in the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa From Arctic and Boreal Reefs

et al. 2020

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“…These deep or cold-water corals lack phototrophic symbionts and, therefore, are azooxanthellate. Like their zooxanthellate shallow-water relatives, some azooxanthellate deep-water species, such as Desmophyllum pertusum and Madrepora oculata, are also capable of building large three-dimensional reef frameworks that serve as habitats for thousands of different organisms and constitute biodiversity hotspots in low to high latitudes and from shallower water to the deep seas (Henry and Roberts, 2016;Roberts et al, 2009). The distribution of cold-water corals (CWCs) is controlled by several parameters, amongst which is the density of seawater (Dullo et al, 2008), which appears to correlate with the so-called intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and biological controls on Na∕Ca ratios in scleractinian cold-water corals

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Here we present a comprehensive attempt to correlate aragonitic Na∕Ca ratios from Desmophyllum pertusum (formerly known as Lophelia pertusa), Madrepora oculata and a caryophylliid cold-water coral (CWC) species with different seawater parameters such as temperature, salinity and pH. Living CWC specimens were collected from 16 different locations and analyzed for their Na∕Ca ratios using solution-based inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements. The results reveal no apparent correlation with salinity (30.1–40.57 g kg−1) but a significant inverse correlation with temperature (-0.31±0.04 mmolmol-1∘C-1). Other marine aragonitic organisms such as Mytilus edulis (inner aragonitic shell portion) and Porites sp. exhibit similar results highlighting the consistency of the calculated CWC regressions. Corresponding Na∕Mg ratios show a similar temperature sensitivity to Na∕Ca ratios, but the combination of two ratios appears to reduce the impact of vital effects and domain-dependent geochemical variation. The high degree of scatter and elemental heterogeneities between the different skeletal features in both Na∕Ca and Na∕Mg, however, limit the use of these ratios as a proxy and/or make a high number of samples necessary. Additionally, we explore two models to explain the observed temperature sensitivity of Na∕Ca ratios for an open and semi-enclosed calcifying space based on temperature-sensitive Na- and Ca-pumping enzymes and transport proteins that change the composition of the calcifying fluid and consequently the skeletal Na∕Ca ratio.

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“…There are few accounts of elasmobranch egg‐laying grounds on seamounts, although Hunt et al () provides an account of egg‐laying on the Shiribeshi Seamount in the Sea of Japan by Bathyraja smirnovi (Soldatov & Pavlenko 1915). The lack of other accounts could be an artefact, due to egg cases being overlooked amongst the often dense biologically rich communities (Henry & Roberts, in press) rather than indicating a lack of egg‐laying habitat. It is likely that the complex, rugged nature of some of these habitats, e.g .…”

Section: Skate Egg Capsule Collection Stations and Capsule State On 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seamount egg‐laying grounds of the deep‐water skate Bathyraja richardsoni

Henry

Stehmann²,

Clippele

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Biology

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Highly localized concentrations of elasmobranch egg capsules of the deep-water skate Bathyraja richardsoni were discovered during the first remotely operated vehicle (ROV) survey of the Hebrides Terrace Seamount in the Rockall Trough, north-east Atlantic Ocean. Conductivity-temperature-depth profiling indicated that the eggs were bathed in a specific environmental niche of well-oxygenated waters between 4·20 and 4·55 ∘ C, and salinity 34·95-35·06, on a coarse to fine-grained sandy seabed on the seamount's eastern flank, whereas a second type of egg capsule (possibly belonging to the skate Dipturus sp.) was recorded exclusively amongst the reef-building stony coral Solenosmilia variabilis. The depths of both egg-laying habitats (1489-1580 m) provide a de facto refuge from fisheries mortality for younger life stages of these skates. Key words: deep sea; elasmobranch; environment; habitat; reproduction.Global conservation of sharks, skates and rays is hampered by the stark lack of knowledge of deep-sea elasmobranchs in waters beyond the continental shelf (Kyne & Simpfendorfer, 2010), with 57·6% of deep-sea chondrichthyans listed by the IUCN as Data Deficient (Dulvy et al., 2014). Seamounts in the deep sea are often thought of as megafaunal hotspots, attracting animals such as sharks, tuna and cetaceans that forage, refuge and mate in the area (Morato et al., 2010). As technology such as baited photo-landers, remotely operated vehicles (ROV) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) become standard tools, seamount exploration offers new opportunities for observing deep-sea elasmobranch behaviours in situ that can deepen understanding of habitat associations.There are three seamounts in the Rockall Trough west of the British Isles. The first ROV investigation of the southernmost seamount, the Hebrides Terrace Seamount

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Global Biodiversity in Cold-Water Coral Reef Ecosystems

Cited by 57 publications

References 47 publications

Broad Thermal Tolerance in the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa From Arctic and Boreal Reefs

Broad Thermal Tolerance in the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa From Arctic and Boreal Reefs

Environmental and biological controls on Na∕Ca ratios in scleractinian cold-water corals

Seamount egg‐laying grounds of the deep‐water skate Bathyraja richardsoni

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