Global burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to hypertension in young adults from 1990 to 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

Xiao

et al. 2022

Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL) has progressed to be a public health concern, and high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) remains the leading risk factor for AF/AFL. This study estimated the HSBP attributable AF/AFL burden based on the data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Numbers, age-standardized rates (ASR) of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were analyzed by age, sex, sociodemographic index (SDI), and locations. Gini coefficient was calculated to evaluate health inequality. Globally, HSBPrelated AF/AFL caused 107 091 deaths and 3 337 876 DALYs in 2019, an increase of 142.5% and 105.9% from 1990, respectively. The corresponding mortality and DALYs ASR declined by 5.8% and 7.7%. High-income Asia Pacific experienced the greatest decrease in mortality and DALYs ASR, whereas the largest increase was observed in Andean Latin America. Almost half of the HSBP-related AF/AFL burden was carried by high and high-middle SDI regions, and it was experiencing a shift to lower SDI regions.A negative correlation was detected between EAPC and SDI. Females and elderly people tended to have a higher AF/AFL burden, whereas young adults (30-49 years old) experienced an annual increase in AF/AFL burden. The Gini index of DALYs rate decreased from 0.224 in 1990 to 0.183 in 2019. Despite improved inequality having been observed over the past decades, the HSBP-related AF/AFL burden varied across regions, sexes, and ages. Cost-effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools are required to be implemented in less developed regions. K E Y W O R D Satrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, deaths and DALYs, global disease burden 2019, high systolic blood pressure Yaqiong Jin and Keke Wang contributed equally.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global burden of atrial fibrillation/flutter due to high systolic blood pressure from 1990 to 2019: estimates from the global burden of disease study 2019

Jin

J of Clinical Hypertension

Xiao

et al. 2022

“…The DALYs rate was calculated as the number of cases per 100 000 population, and the agestandardized DALYs rate was a weighted average of the age-speci c DALYs rates adjusted by the population size and age structure. The EAPC is calculated by a well-established formula described previously [13,14], and an EAPC of 0, positive or negative value indicates that rates are stable, in a downward or upward trend over time, respectively. And the absolute value of EAPC indicates the extent of rate changes over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Cardiovascular Diseases Burden Attributable to High Sodium Intake from 1990 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis of Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Jin

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

Background Sodium intake shows a positive correlation with blood pressure, resulting in an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Salt reduction is a key step toward the WHO's goal of 25% reduction in mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by 2025. This study aims to assess the current condition and temporal changes of the global CVD burden due to high sodium intake. Methods We extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. The numbers and age-standardized rates of mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), stratified by location, sex, and socio-demographic Index (SDI), were used to assess the high sodium intake attributable CVD burden from 1990 to 2019. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the DALYs rates and related factors. Results Globally, in 2019, the deaths and DALYs of high sodium-related CVD were 1.72 million and 40.54 million, respectively, increasing by 41.08% and 33.06% from 1990. Meanwhile, the corresponding mortality and DALYs rates dropped by 35.1% and 35.2% respectively. The high-middle and middle SDI quintiles bore almost two-thirds of the CVD burden caused by high sodium, while the high SDI quintile had the lowest DALYs rate with the greatest annual decline. Males and the elderly had a higher risk suffering CVD from high dietary sodium. And the leading causes of high sodium intake attributable CVD burden were ischemic heart disease, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease. Universal health coverage (UHC) was significantly associated with the DALYs rates after adjustment. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019, the global CVD burden attributable to high sodium intake has declined with spatiotemporal and sexual heterogeneity. However, it remains a major public health challenge because of the increasing absolute numbers in DALYs and mortality. Improving universal health coverage may serve as an effective strategy to reduce the high sodium-related CVD burden.

“…Compared with those with normal blood pressure, young adults with hypertension before the age of 40 years have an increased risk of subsequent CVD events [39,40]. The hypertension attributable CVD burden in young adults has greatly increased [41]. Thus, strategies are needed to prevent hypertension in young adults who are exposed to noise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Occupational Noise and Hypertension in Modern Enterprise Workers: A Case–Control Study

Zhou

Lan

et al. 2022

Int J Public Health

Objective: The association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension is controversial. Thus, we aimed to assess the relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension.Methods: This was a case‒control study, and 509 cases and 1,018 controls from an automobile company were included between July and October 2013. Occupational noise exposure was defined as exposure to noise level ≥80 dB(A) (Lex, 8 h) or cumulative noise exposure (CNE) ≥ 80 dB(A)-years. To assess the associations of noise level and CNE with hypertension, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The restricted cubic spline function was used to establish dose‒response curves.Results: A noise level ≥80 dB (A) (Lex, 8 h) was significantly associated with hypertension (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.89–3.24). CNE ≥80 dB (A)-years was significantly associated with hypertension (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.18–2.00). Nonlinear relationships between noise level, CNE and hypertension were found (p- nonlinear<0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that occupational noise exposure is a potential risk factor for hypertension in automobile company workers.