Global burden of rabies in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Gan, Hui; Hou, Xiangqing; Wang, Yiming; Xu, Guohai; Huang, Zhifeng; Zhang, Teng; Lin, Runpei; Xue, Mingshan; Hu, Haisheng; Liu, Mingtao; Cheng, Zhangkai J.; Sun, Baoqing; Zhu, Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.046

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Another often quoted global model calculated 25,000 to 159,000 human deaths, over 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years, and $8.6 billion economic losses annually (Hampson et al 2015 ). More recently, an investigation extrapolating from a 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study suggested that overall fatalities declined over a decade, with a range of 6,019 to 17,939 human deaths (Gan et al 2023 ). Clearly, such data are important for appropriate planning, to generate resources, to measure success, etc., but quite difficult to generate (Taylor et al 2017 ; Minhaj et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Resolute Burden Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

et al. 2023

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Rabies is an ancient disease. Two centuries since Pasteur, fundamental progress occurred in virology, vaccinology, and diagnostics—and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health—before common terminological coinage. Prevention, control, selective elimination, and even the unthinkable—occasional treatment—of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first century. However, in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest, eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons are minion. Polyhostality encompasses bats and mesocarnivores, but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential hosts. While rabies virus is the classical member of the genus, other species of lyssaviruses also cause the disease. Some reservoirs remain cryptic. Although global, this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often ignored. As with other neglected diseases, laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Calculation of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic models. Competing priorities, lack of defined, long-term international donors, and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies impacts. For prevention, all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual, whether parenteral or oral–essentially ‘one and done’. Exploiting mammalian social behaviors, future ‘spreadable vaccines’ might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit effort. However, the release of replication-competent, genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological, ethical, and regulatory issues in need of broader, transdisciplinary discourse. How this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention, control, or elimination in the near term remains debatable. In the interim, more precise terminology and realistic expectations serve as the norm for diverse, collective constituents to maintain progress in the field.

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Section: Resolute Burden Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

et al. 2023

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“…Ethiopia ranks fourth on the globe and has the second-highest number of rabies mortality rates on the African continent, after Nigeria [11]. The disease has been ranked first among the top five zoonotic diseases (rabies, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and echinococcosis) in Ethiopia by a panel of experts from human, animal, and environmental health [12, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of respondents’ towards Rabies and associated risk factors in Shone Town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Beresa,

Beriso

2023

Preprint

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A survey-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the community of Shone Town, Hadiya Zone, South Region of Ethiopia, from November 2022 to April 2023 to assess respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding rabies and associated factors. Woreda was selected purposefully, while kebeles and study populations were selected by simple random sampling. A total of 416 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. All respondents (100%) heard about rabies from different sources, with the majority of them hearing about it from informal sources (62%), followed by mixed (mass media and traditional ways). 31.7% of those surveyed were aware that a virus was the cause of rabies. The findings revealed that 51.9% of individuals were aware of saliva contact, 0.7% were aware of rabid animal bites, and 47.4% were aware of both modes of transmission. With regard to the 100% fatal nature of rabies once the clinical signs developed, 64.4% of participants knew and the rest, 35.6%, did not. In terms of washing dog bite wounds with soap and water, the majority (86.3%) of respondents were aware. Of all participants, 73.1% agreed that stray dogs are dangerous, and 78.4% agreed that rabies is a problem for the community. With regard to the idea of killing stray dogs for the purpose of rabies prevention, 51.4% of respondents agreed that it was an effective method. 72.6% of respondents had contact with pets; however, 32% washed their hands after touching the pet animals. More than half of respondents practiced killing to control stray dogs. 36.8% of interviewees were experienced in vaccinating their dogs. In comparing the associations of several demographic risk factors with the mode of transmission and the risk of not vaccinating dogs, it was discovered that sex, age, occupations, and family size were statistically significant with both the risk of not vaccinating dogs and the means of transmission (P<0.05). The study demonstrates that a lack of formal education programs in the communities, low levels of education, and the majority of respondents acquiring their knowledge from unofficial sources were important contributors to the low levels of awareness among communities. The community should have been made aware of rabies through regular education, which should have been planned by veterinarians and medical professionals.

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“…Nearly 99% of rabies deaths in humans are transmitted by dogs. Based on the distribution of risk levels for humans being infected with rabies in 2013, the highest risk is Asia and Africa, medium and low risk are Europe, South and Central America, North America and Australia, while those who are not at risk are Japan and New Zealand (Gan et al, 2023;Nel, 2014;Scott & Nel, 2021). Many people think that rabies is not dangerous, but after the increase in cases of death from rabies, more and more people are afraid and wary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Providing Education Using Poster Media and Audiovisual Media on Prevention of Rabies Transmitting Animal Bites

Achjar,

Asih,

Lestari

et al. 2023

JERE

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Rabies is an acute infectious disease that attacks the nervous system in humans and warm-blooded animals caused by the rabies virus, transmitted through the saliva of rabid animals such as dogs, cats, monkeys, raccoons and bats through bites or open wounds. The aim of the research is to analyze the differences in providing education using poster media and audiovisual media on behavior to prevent bites from animals that transmit rabies. The type of research used was pre-experimental designs with a two-group pre-test and post-test without control group design. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling. The number of samples used in this research was 86 families divided into 2 groups, namely the poster group and the audiovisual group. This research used a questionnaire sheet to measure the behavior of preventing bites from animals that transmit rabies, which consists of 3 sub-variables, namely knowledge, attitudes and actions. Then it was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test to analyze the differences between educational poster media and audiovisual media. The research results show that the average value for poster media before is 65.6 and after is 77. Meanwhile, the average value for audiovisual media before is 72.2 and after is 82.3. Statistical testing used the Mann-Whitney test and obtained a ρ−value of 0.001 < 0.05. The conclusion is that there is a difference between providing education using poster media and audiovisual media on behavior to prevent bites from animals that transmit rabies. Suggestions to respondents are that they can provide education to those closest to them or anyone who is advised to use audiovisual media.

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Global burden of rabies in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of respondents’ towards Rabies and associated risk factors in Shone Town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Differences in Providing Education Using Poster Media and Audiovisual Media on Prevention of Rabies Transmitting Animal Bites

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