Global burden of vaccine‐associated multiple sclerosis, 1967–2022: A comprehensive analysis of the international pharmacovigilance database

Woo, Ho Geol; Kim, Hyeon Jin; Park, Jaeyu; Lee, Jinseok; Lee, Hayeon; Kim, Min Seo; Koyanagi, Ai; Smith, Lee; Rahmati, Masoud; Yeo, Seung Geun; Yon, Dong Keon

doi:10.1002/jmv.29591

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…We also employed this method to identify risk factors of AD and calculate the ratio of odds ratio (OR) by using odds ratios from before and during the pandemic. We further determined risk factors for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, to deepen our understanding of the pandemic's impact [33][34][35] . Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages, whereas numerical data were presented as means along with their corresponding 95% CIs.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents from 2009 to 2022

Kattih,

Lee,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Previous studies have examined the prevalence of allergic diseases in adolescents 1–2 years after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, more data is needed to understand the long-term impact of COVID-19 on allergic diseases. Thus, we aimed to examine the trend of the atopic dermatitis prevalence in Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic across 14 years. Additionally, we analyze the risk factors of atopic dermatitis (AD) based on the results. The Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency conducted the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2009 to 2022, from which the data for this study were obtained. Prevalence trends were compared across subgroups, and the β difference (βdiff) was calculated. We computed odds ratios to examine changes in the disease prevalence before and during the pandemic. This study included a total of 917,461 participants from 2009 to 2022. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased from 6.79% (95% CI 6.66–6.91) in 2009–2011 to 6.89% (95% CI 6.72–7.05) in 2018–2019, then decreased slightly to 5.82% (95% CI 5.60–6.04) in 2022. Across the 14 years, middle school student status, low parent’s highest education level, low household income, non-alcohol consumption, non-smoker smoking status, no suicidal thoughts, and no suicide attempts were associated with increased risk of atopic dermatitis, while female sex, rural residence, high BMI, low school performance, low household income, and no feelings of sadness and despair was associated with a small increase. This study examined the prevalence of atopic dermatitis across an 18-year, and found that the prevalence increased in the pre-pandemic then decreased during the start of the pandemic and remained constant throughout the pandemic. This trend could be explained mainly by the large scale social and political changes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages, whereas numerical data were presented as means along with their corresponding 95% CIs. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and GraphPad Prism version 9.5.0 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) [35][36][37] .…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

National prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents from 2009 to 2022

Kattih,

Lee,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Global and regional burden of vaccine‐associated facial paralysis, 1967–2023: Findings from the WHO international pharmacovigilance database

Jeong,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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The scarce and conflicting data on vaccine‐associated facial paralysis limit our understanding of vaccine safety on a global scale. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the global burden of vaccine‐associated facial paralysis and to identify the extent of its association with individual vaccines, thereby contributing to the development of a more effective vaccination program. We used data on vaccine‐associated facial paralysis from 1967 to 2023 (total reports, n = 131 255 418 418) from the World Health Organization International Pharmacovigilance Database. Global reporting counts, reported odds ratios (ROR), and information components (ICs) were computed to elucidate the association between the 16 vaccines and the occurrence of vaccine‐associated facial paralysis across 156 countries. We identified 26 197 reports (men, n = 10 507 [40.11%]) of vaccine‐associated facial paralysis from 49 537 reports of all‐cause facial paralysis. Vaccine‐associated facial paralysis has been consistently reported; however, a pronounced increase in reported incidence has emerged after the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, which is attributable to the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine. Most vaccines were associated with facial paralysis, with differing levels of association, except for tuberculosis vaccines. COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines had the highest association with facial paralysis reports (ROR, 28.31 [95% confidence interval, 27.60–29.03]; IC, 3.37 [IC0.25, 3.35]), followed by encephalitis, influenza, hepatitis A, papillomavirus, hepatitis B, typhoid, varicella‐zoster, meningococcal, Ad‐5 vectored COVID‐19, measles, mumps and rubella, diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, pertussis, polio, and Hemophilus influenza type b, pneumococcal, rotavirus diarrhea, and inactivated whole‐virus COVID‐19 vaccines. Concerning age‐ and sex‐specific risks, vaccine‐associated facial paralysis was more strongly associated with older age groups and males. The serious adverse outcome and death rate of vaccine‐associated facial paralysis were extremely low (0.07% and 0.00%, respectively). An increase in vaccine‐induced facial paralysis, primarily owing to COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines, was observed with most vaccines, except tuberculosis vaccines. Given the higher association observed in the older and male groups with vaccine‐associated facial paralysis, close monitoring of these demographics when administering vaccines that are significantly associated with adverse reactions is crucial.

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Global estimates on the reports of vaccine‐associated myocarditis and pericarditis from 1969 to 2023: Findings with critical reanalysis from the WHO pharmacovigilance database

Lee,

Jo,

Lee

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Due to the limitation of previous studies examining adverse reports of myocarditis and pericarditis associated with vaccines other than the COVID‐19 vaccine, there are challenges in establishing a comprehensive understanding of vaccine safety on a global scale. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the worldwide burden of vaccine‐associated pericarditis and myocarditis and the vaccines associated with these indications. This study utilized the World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database, from which records of vaccine‐associated pericarditis and myocarditis between 1969 and 2023 were extracted (over 130 million reports). We calculated global reporting counts, reported odds ratios (RORs), and information components (ICs) to discern the association between 19 vaccines and the occurrence of pericarditis and myocarditis across 156 countries and territories. We identified 49 096 reports (male, n = 30 013) of vaccine‐associated pericarditis and myocarditis among 73 590 reports of all‐cause pericarditis and myocarditis. There has been a significant increase in reports of vaccine‐related cardiac adverse events over time, with a noteworthy surge observed after 2020, attributed to cases of pericarditis associated with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines. Smallpox vaccines were associated with most pericarditis and myocarditis reports (ROR: 73.68 [95% CI, 67.79–80.10]; IC [IC0.25]: 6.05 [5.91]), followed by COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine (37.77 [37.00–38.56]; 3.07 [3.05]), anthrax vaccine (25.54 [22.37–29.16]; 4.58 [4.35]), typhoid vaccine (6.17 [5.16–7.38]; 2.59 [2.29]), encephalitis vaccine (2.00 [1.48–2.71]; 0.99 [0.47]), influenza vaccine (1.87 [1.71–2.04]; 0.90 [0.75]), and Ad5‐vectored COVID‐19 vaccine (1.40 [1.34–1.46]; 0.46 [0.39]). Concerning age and sex‐specific risks, reports of vaccine‐associated pericarditis and myocarditis were more prevalent among males and in older age groups. The age group between 12 and 17 years exhibited significant sex disproportion. Most of these adverse events had a short time to onset (median time: 1 day) and fatality rate was 0.44%. Our analysis of global data revealed an increase in pericarditis and myocarditis reports associated with vaccines, particularly live vaccines like smallpox and anthrax, notably in young males. While these adverse events are generally rare and mild, caution is warranted, especially for healthcare workers, due to potential myocardial injury‐related in‐hospital mortality. Further study with validated reporting is crucial to enhance accuracy in evaluating the correlation between vaccines and cardiac conditions for preventive measures.

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Global burden of vaccine‐associated multiple sclerosis, 1967–2022: A comprehensive analysis of the international pharmacovigilance database

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

National prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents from 2009 to 2022

National prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents from 2009 to 2022

Global and regional burden of vaccine‐associated facial paralysis, 1967–2023: Findings from the WHO international pharmacovigilance database

Global estimates on the reports of vaccine‐associated myocarditis and pericarditis from 1969 to 2023: Findings with critical reanalysis from the WHO pharmacovigilance database

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