Global Burden, Risk Factors, and Trends of Esophageal Cancer: An Analysis of Cancer Registries from 48 Countries

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the global burden, risk factors, and trends of esophageal cancer based on age, sex, and histological subtype. The data were retrieved from cancer registries database from 48 countries in the period 1980–2017. Temporal patterns of incidence and mortality were evaluated by average annual percent change (AAPC) using joinpoint regression. Associations with risk factors were examined by linear regression. The highest incidence of esophageal cancer was observed in Eastern Asia. The highest incidence of adenocarcinoma (AC) was found in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. A higher AC/squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) incidence ratio was associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and elevated cholesterol. We observed an incidence increase (including AC and SCC) in some countries, with the Czech Republic (female: AAPC 4.66), Spain (female: 3.41), Norway (male: 3.10), Japan (female: 2.18), Thailand (male: 2.17), the Netherlands (male: 2.11; female: 1.88), and Canada (male: 1.51) showing the most significant increase. Countries with increasing mortality included Thailand (male: 5.24), Austria (female: 3.67), Latvia (male: 2.33), and Portugal (male: 1.12). Although the incidence of esophageal cancer showed an overall decreasing trend, an increasing trend was observed in some countries with high AC/SCC incidence ratios. More preventive measures are needed for these countries.

Responsiveness and convergent validity of QLU-C10D and EQ-5D-3L in assessing short-term quality of life following esophagectomy

“…Esophageal cancer is the 8th most common cancer in the world with a global incidence of 6.7 per 100,000 and a generally poor prognosis [ 1 , 2 ]. There are two major subtypes, squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC).…”

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“…4 Immunoreactivity at the invasive front of ESCC was classified based on the staining area (high: >30%; low: ≤30%) [16]. 5 The median of CD163 + or CD204 + macrophage counts in cancer nests and stroma within the areas were used to classify the patients as low-and high-groups [24].…”

“…Esophageal cancer can be classified into two major histological subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) [2,3]. ESCC is the most common type in East Asia (including Japan), Central Asia, East Africa, and South Africa, while EAC is the predominant type in North America and Europe [4,5]. Globally, ESCC accounts for about 90% of esophageal cancer cases, and its incidence is approximately seven times that of EAC [6].…”

Tegaserod Maleate Inhibits Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Proliferation by Suppressing the Peroxisome Pathway

“…Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related deaths ( 1 ). Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)—the main histological subtype of EC—accounts for about 90% of all cases, especially in areas with high incidence, such as Asia ( 2 ). At present, the therapeutic approaches including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection are the mainstream treatments for EC patients.…”