Global catalog of earthquake rupture velocities shows anticorrelation between stress drop and rupture velocity

Chounet, Agnès; Vallée, Martin; Causse, Mathieu; Courboulex, Françoise

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.005

Cited by 84 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Such information is actually provided by the ASTFs, and under several conditions (rupture propagation geometry and azimuthal coverage in particular), a quantitative estimate of V r can be done. This analysis, beyond the scope of our study, can be found in Chounet et al (2018), although on a reduced number of earthquakes. The variations of F s m are shown in Figure 2d for the whole data set.…”

Section: Stf Impulsivity F S Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and Interregion Characterization of Subduction Interface Earthquakes Derived From Source Time Functions Properties

Chounet

Vallée

2018

JGR Solid Earth

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Source time functions (STFs) describe how the seismic moment rate is released with time, and carry information on integral rupture properties, such as static stress drop and radiated energy. In this study, we systematically analyze a set of 1,433 STFs extracted from the SCARDEC method (Vallée and Douet, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2016.05.012), containing the Mw≥5.6, shallow (z≤70 km) earthquakes with dip‐slip mechanism that occurred between 1992 and 2014. At the global scale, STFs properties indicate scale invariance of stress drop and scaled radiated energy with magnitude. In a second step, these source parameters are investigated in light of the tectonic context of the earthquakes: in agreement with other approaches, we observe that subduction interface earthquakes have lower stress drop and scaled radiated energy relative to all other earthquakes (e.g., crustal earthquakes). Finally, a focus on subduction interface earthquakes (approximately 800 earthquakes) is done by considering 18 regional segments of subduction zones. We find that these segments do not have the same signature in terms of macroscopic rupture properties, which means that large‐scale plate convergence and mechanical properties influence rupture behavior. In a given segment, local heterogeneities of stress drop or radiated energy can be associated with local features of the subduction zone: in particular, we find that low coupled zones generate earthquakes with low stress drop and scaled radiated energy. This last feature, also observed at a larger scale, suggests a positive correlation between coupling and stress drop.

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Section: Stf Impulsivity F S Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and Interregion Characterization of Subduction Interface Earthquakes Derived From Source Time Functions Properties

Chounet

Vallée

2018

JGR Solid Earth

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“…On the other hand, seismological observations have shown a high variability of rupture speed (Chounet et al, 2017;Ide, 2002;Kanamori & Brodsky, 2004), stress drop (Allmann & Shearer, 2009;Brune, 1970) efficiency (Ide et al, 2007;Kanamori & Brodsky, 2004), which solely depends on the radiated and fracture energies (Kanamori & Brodsky, 2004). However, while the radiated energy is well-estimated using accelerograms (Boatwright, 1980), fracture energy, inferred from scaling laws and stress drops, has large uncertainties (Abercrombie & Rice, 2005;Tinti et al, 2005;Wong, 1982) and frictional heat remains invisible to seismological data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional Heating Processes and Energy Budget During Laboratory Earthquakes

Aubry

Passelègue

Deldicque

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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During an earthquake, part of the released elastic strain energy is dissipated within the slip zone by frictional and fracturing processes, the rest being radiated away via elastic waves. While frictional heating plays a key role in the energy budget of earthquakes, it could not be resolved by seismological data up to now. Here we investigate the dynamics of laboratory earthquakes by measuring frictional heat dissipated during the propagation of shear instabilities at stress conditions typical of seismogenic depths. We estimate the complete energy budget of earthquake rupture and demonstrate that the radiation efficiency increases with thermal‐frictional weakening. Using carbon properties and Raman spectroscopy, we map spatial heat heterogeneities on the fault surface. We show that an increase in fault strength corresponds to a transition from a weak fault with multiple strong asperities and little overall radiation, to a highly radiative fault behaving as a single strong asperity.

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“…We show in Figure the time evolution of v rd for three realistic values of Δ σ . In the sampled part of the development phase (between ∼1 and ∼6 s) and for the realistic values of Δ σ shown in Figure , v rd ( t ) gradually increases and is in a classical rupture velocity range of 1.5 to 3 km/s (Chounet et al, ; Doornbos, ; Geller, ; McGuire et al, ; Somerville et al, ). This behavior may, however, be questionable for two reasons.…”

Section: Time Evolution Of the Development Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To do so, we propose to make use of the large catalog of moment rate functions (or source time functions, STFs) provided by the SCARDEC database (Vallée & Douet, 2016). SCARDEC database has first been used Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 10.1029/2019JB018045 to extract global source properties, such as source-averaged stress/strain drop or rupture velocity (Courboulex et al, 2016;Chounet et al, 2017;Chounet & Vallée, 2018;Vallée, 2013) and is now more and more exploited to characterize the transient parts of STFs (Meier et al, 2017;Melgar & Hayes, 2017;2019). With a similar objective as the studies based on the early stages of the rupture, we will first explore if the moment acceleration in the development phase correlates with the magnitude of the event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Seismic Rupture Accelerate? Observational Insights From Earthquake Source Time Functions

2019

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Observation of the seismic process for a large earthquake population is of key interest to detect potential magnitude‐dependent behaviors and, more generally, to quantify how seismic rupture develops. In contrast with studies focusing on the first radiated waves, we here propose to characterize the growing phase leading to the main seismic moment release episode(s), which we refer to as the development phase. Our analysis uses the 2,221 teleseismic source time functions (STFs) of shallow dip‐slip earthquakes provided by the global SCARDEC database and consists in measuring the moment acceleration during the development phase at prescribed moment rates. This approach is therefore insensitive to hypocentral time uncertainties and aims at quantifying how seismic ruptures accelerate, independently of when they accelerate. Our results first show that rupture acceleration does not exhibit any magnitude‐dependent signal emerging above the intrinsic measurements variability. We thus use the full STF catalog to characterize the moment rate trueṀd of the development phase and show that, on average, trueṀdfalse(tfalse)∝tnd with nd equal to 2.7. This time evolution therefore does not follow the steady t2 growth expected for classical circular crack models, which indicates that stress drop and/or rupture velocity transiently vary during the development phase. We finally illustrate with a synthetic STF catalog that, due to initial rupture variability, approaches based on hypocentral time are not expected to fully characterize the behavior of the development phase.

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Global catalog of earthquake rupture velocities shows anticorrelation between stress drop and rupture velocity

Cited by 84 publications

References 51 publications

Global and Interregion Characterization of Subduction Interface Earthquakes Derived From Source Time Functions Properties

Global and Interregion Characterization of Subduction Interface Earthquakes Derived From Source Time Functions Properties

Frictional Heating Processes and Energy Budget During Laboratory Earthquakes

How Does Seismic Rupture Accelerate? Observational Insights From Earthquake Source Time Functions

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