Global changes in mining laws, agreements and tax systems

Subsurface activities and decision support systems

“…This complicates the choice between competing subsurface activities, since their priorities are often disputed and time dependent, for instance, due to changing political and social preferences (Otto, 1998). An activity's actual contribution depends on a number of variables.…”

“…These conditions affect the opportunities for a market party to execute a subsurface activity and determine the corresponding profitability, as well as the distribution of profits and costs between stakeholders. These conditions are usually formulated so that the effect on the distribution of benefits and costs can be quantified (Otto, 1998). When the primary activity is followed by a series of competing secondary activities, the quantification of the profitability becomes more difficult, because more information is needed (Linden and Voogd, 2004).…”

Can Policy Adoption and Transfer Lead to Policy Implementation? Environmental Financial Assurance Policy in Ghana

“…Relevant to this study are the capacity building reforms of the 1980s and the 1990s through the SAP that were meant to address issues relating to the technical capacity of civil servants in policy analysis and monitoring, strengthening and training institutions ,improvement of human resources and financial management systems (Bangura and Larbi, 2006). However, these new developmental policies failed to take into account the norms and the practical limitations of the less developed countries (Otto, 1992). For example, on the subject of environmental management, Otto (1992) argues that most developed countries have a matured system of environmental mining regulations; many of these regulations are however not desirable or practical in the context of developing countries because from an administrative standpoint, it is costly.…”

“…However, these new developmental policies failed to take into account the norms and the practical limitations of the less developed countries (Otto, 1992). For example, on the subject of environmental management, Otto (1992) argues that most developed countries have a matured system of environmental mining regulations; many of these regulations are however not desirable or practical in the context of developing countries because from an administrative standpoint, it is costly. In the case for Ghana, most of the government-trained officers are quickly tapped by Multinational Companies (MNCs), who More accountable with public interest at the core using a predetermined models…”

The Oil and Gas Sector in the Brazilian Economy

“…This reform can be inserted in a broader context, characterized by meaningful changes in mineral policy of developing countries, with the purpose of attracting more investment (OTTO, 1998 The openness of the sector can be considered well succeed, because these days dozens of firms operate exploratory activities onshore and offshore Brazilian basins.…”