Global Charcoal Mobilization from Soils via Dissolution and Riverine Transport to the Oceans

Jaffé, Rudolf; Ding, Yan; Niggemann, Jutta; Vähätalo, Anssi V.; Stubbins, Aron; Spencer, Robert G. M.; Campbell, John L.; Dittmar, Thorsten

doi:10.1126/science.1231476

Cited by 468 publications

(493 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This suggests that the hydrodynamic transport and depositional mechanism could also be an important factor affecting the occurrence of BC and TOC and their relationships, especially in the open GOT. Actually, this good correlation between BC and bulk OM was not only noticed in the particle phase (e.g., in soil, Glaser and Amelung, 2003;Cusack et al, 2012) but also in the dissolved phase and has been reported worldwide (e.g., Dittmar et al, 2012;Jaffe et al, 2013;Ding et al, 2013Ding et al, , 2015. The close relationship between BC and bulk OM in the dissolved phase could indicate that the release and subsequent sorption and desorption processes of BC are a complex function of environmental factors and particle properties, just as for bulk dissolved OM , which suggests that the mobilization of BC and bulk OM in various matrices is also mechanistically coupled.…”

Section: Relationships Between Bc Toc and Sediment Grain Size And Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, input pathway and mass inventory of black carbon in sediments of the Gulf of Thailand, SE Asia

Shi

Bai

et al. 2016

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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a b s t r a c tThe coastal margins around Southeast Asia (SE Asia) may serve as an ideal location to study the sourcesink process of sedimentary black carbon (BC) because SE Asia has been identified as one of the major BC emission source regions in the world. This study provides an extensive picture of recent regional-scale sedimentary BC sequestration in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT), a tropical marine system in SE Asia. Generally, the sedimentary BC concentrations (0.07e3.99 mg/g) were in the low to moderate ranges of those obtained in other coastal sediments around the world. Regional variability of the BC and its correlation with the sediment grain size and total organic carbon (TOC) content indicated a general hydrodynamic constraint on BC occurrence in the lower Gulf in contrast to the upper Gulf with a more source dependence due to the direct land-based input. BC/TOC% values and the varied BC components (char and soot), as well as their correlations suggested that char was the predominant constituents of sedimentary BC both in the upper and lower Gulf, which could be mainly derived from biomass burning and entered into the nearshore region through direct fluvial transport and surface run-off. The estimated BC burial flux (~212 mg/cm 2 /y) and mass inventory (~200 Gg/y) in the GOT on the hundred-year timescale were of the same order of magnitude compared with other oceanic margins, and thus the tropical shelf sediments from SE Asia could serve as an important sink of land-emitted BC.

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Section: Relationships Between Bc Toc and Sediment Grain Size And Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, input pathway and mass inventory of black carbon in sediments of the Gulf of Thailand, SE Asia

Shi

Bai

et al. 2016

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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“…On one hand, the presence of BC in geological records since the Devonian and of millennial BC in a range of soils at global scale provides evidence that some persists for a very long time in the environment (Schmidt and Noack, 2000). On the other hand, the content of BC stored in soil is low with respect to annual production rate from wildfires, which demonstrates that large amounts are lost from soil (Schmidt and Noack, 2000;Masiello, 2004;Schmidt, 2004), possibly by microbial decomposition (Baldock and Smernik, 2002;Hamer et al, 2004;Wengel et al, 2006), erosion (Rumpel et al, 2006) or dissolution and transport with water fluxes (Hockaday et al, 2007;Jaffé et al, 2013). The longevity of BC in soil seems to depend on both intrinsic quality and the environmental conditions where it is deposited (Bird et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term change in chemical properties of preindustrial charcoal particles aged in forest and agricultural temperate soil

Hardy

Leifeld

Knicker

et al. 2017

Organic Geochemistry

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Keywords:Preindustrial charcoal kiln Land-use change Biochar X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) Dichromate oxidation a b s t r a c t Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in terrestrial carbon storage. Nevertheless, the effect of cultivation on long term dynamics of BC in soil has been poorly addressed. To fill this gap, we studied the chemical properties of charcoal particles extracted from preindustrial kilns in Wallonia, Belgium, along a chronosequence of land use change from forest to agricultural soil, up to 200 years of cultivation. Preindustrial charcoal samples were compared with charcoal subjected to short term ageing in a currently active kiln.Cultivation increased the association of charcoal with soil minerals, which is favored by deprotonation of carboxylic acids under liming, thereby enhancing the reactivity of charcoal toward mineral surfaces. The large specific surface area of charcoal, related to its porosity, promotes the precipitation of 2:1 phyllosilicates and CaCO 3 . Both ageing and cultivation decreased the resistance of charcoal to dichromate oxidation, related to an increase in the H/C of charcoal. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed the presence of three fractions of distinct thermal stability. Saturation of carboxylate groups with Ca 2+ under liming decreased the thermal stability of the O-rich, less thermally stable fraction of charcoal. This fraction decreased over time of cultivation, leading to a relative accumulation of the thermally most stable fraction of charcoal. This might result from the preferential loss of the O-rich fraction or the slowdown of charcoal from oxidation via association with minerals. Our results highlight the idea that land use significantly affects the properties of BC through the modification of soil conditions, which might influence the kinetics of BC loss from soil.

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“…biochar half-life). This technique would be particularly interesting if the emitted CO 2 is quantified and its source determined by δ 13 C measurement of the emitted CO 2 (Rittl et al, 2015b), thus allowing to estimate the real mineralization of the applied biochar, since important losses of pyrogenic C occur via dissolution and transport to rivers and sea (Jaffé et al, 2013), aside from losses by runoff (Major et al, 2010a) and bioturbation (Elmer et al, 2015).…”

Section: Quantification Of Pyrogenic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

175

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Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios (Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been carried out and now a vast literature, and excellent reviews, are available. The objective of this paper is therefore to deliver a critical review with some highlights on biochar research, rather than an exhaustive bibliographic review. To this end, some key points considered critical and relevant were selected and the pertinent literature "condensed", with a view to guide future research, rather than analyze trends of the past.

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Global Charcoal Mobilization from Soils via Dissolution and Riverine Transport to the Oceans

Cited by 468 publications

References 30 publications

Distribution, input pathway and mass inventory of black carbon in sediments of the Gulf of Thailand, SE Asia

Distribution, input pathway and mass inventory of black carbon in sediments of the Gulf of Thailand, SE Asia

Long term change in chemical properties of preindustrial charcoal particles aged in forest and agricultural temperate soil

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

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