Global Climate Change: Implications for Air Temperature and Water Supply in Canada

Hengeveld, Henry

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0176:gccifa>2.3.co;2

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Hengeveld, 1990). The fact that the rise in monthly mean water temperature recorded in the Danube at Linz over the same period is more than double that for air temperature suggests that the increase in river temperature is not purely a function of changing climatic conditions since 1900.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Water temperature behaviour in the River Danube during the twentieth century

Webb

Nobilis

1994

Hydrobiologia

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Monthly mean water temperatures in the River Danube at Linz, Austria during the period have been investigated in relation to equivalent information on air temperature and river discharge. Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in monthly mean water temperatures of 0.8 °C and showed strongest rises in mean values for autumn and early winter months. No statistically significant trends were evident for air temperature or river discharge, and rising water temperatures are likely to reflect increasing human modification of the river system. A strong overall correlation between monthly mean water and air temperatures at Linz was made up of a series of more scattered and less steep water/air temperature relationships for individual months, while the influence of snowmelt runoff depressed average water temperatures in the spring and early summer period by 1.5 °C. Multiple regression relationships developed for individual months from data on air temperature, river discharge and time trend during the study period were able to predict monthly mean water temperatures in 1991 and 1992 with a root mean square error of 0.5 °C. These regression equations, when combined with scenarios of future changes in air temperature and river flow as a consequence of global warming, suggest that only modest rises in monthly mean water temperature will be experienced in the River Danube by the end of the present century, but that increases of > 1 °C for all months, and >2 °C for the autumn period of low flows, can be anticipated by the year 2030.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Water temperature behaviour in the River Danube during the twentieth century

Webb

Nobilis

1994

Hydrobiologia

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“…In all scenarios commonly used in GCMs, increasing concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphere result in increased atmospheric temperatures (Magnuson et al 1990;Hauer et al 1997;Schindler 1997). A RCM specific for Southeast Alaska is needed, but GCMs generally predict an increase from 1 • C to 4.5 • C during the next 100 years and that the effect will be greater near polar regions (Hengeveld 1990). …”

Section: Climate Change Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global climate change and potential effects on Pacific salmonids in freshwater ecosystems of southeast Alaska

Bryant

2009

Climatic Change

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General circulation models predict increases in air temperatures from 1 • C to 5 • C as atmospheric CO 2 continues to rise during the next 100 years. Thermal regimes in freshwater ecosystems will change as air temperatures increase regionally. As air temperatures increase, the distribution and intensity of precipitation will change which will in turn alter freshwater hydrology. Low elevation floodplains and wetlands will flood as continental ice sheets melt, increasing sea-levels. Although anadromous salmonids exist over a wide range of climatic conditions along the Pacific coast, individual stocks have adapted life history strategies-time of emergence, run timing, and residence time in freshwater-that are often unique to regions and watersheds. The response of anadromous salmonids will differ among species depending on their life cycle in freshwater. For pink and chum salmon that migrate to the ocean shortly after they emerge from the gravel, higher temperatures during spawning and incubation may result in earlier entry into the ocean when food resources are low. Shifts in thermal regimes in lakes will change trophic conditions that will affect juvenile sockeye salmon growth and survival. Decreased summer stream flows and higher water temperatures will affect growth and survival of juvenile coho salmon. Rising sea-levels will inundate low elevation spawning areas for pink salmon and floodplain rearing habitats for juvenile coho salmon. Rapid changes in climatic conditions may not extirpate anadromous salmonids in the region, but they will impose greater stress on many stocks that are adapted to present climatic conditions. Survival of sustainable populations will depend on the existing genetic diversity within and among stocks, conservative harvest management, and habitat conservation.

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“…Because the study period includes a prolonged period of increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation (Schindler et al 1990(Schindler et al , 1996, these data give a preview of how the warmer, drier climates predicted by atmospheric global circulation models (GCMs) for the Canadian Shield in central Canada (Hengeveld 1990) would affect the vast number of lakes in this region. Specifically, our purpose is to determine what variables systematically affect Ed and the consistency of these effects over a range of lake sizes.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%