Global CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions from cement production

Andrew, Robbie M.

doi:10.5194/essd-10-195-2018

Cited by 954 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Estimates of emissions from cement production are based on USGS (USGS, 2017), applying the emission factors from CDIAC (Marland and Rotty, 1984). The CDIAC cement emissions are known to be high and are likely to be revised downwards next year (Andrew, 2018). Some fraction of the CaO and MgO in cement is returned to the carbonate form during cement weathering but this is omitted here (Xi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Emissions Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Carbon Budget 2017

Quéré

Andrew

Friedlingstein

et al. 2018

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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603

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Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere -the "global carbon budget" -is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (E FF ) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (E LUC ), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO 2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (G ATM ) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO 2 sink (S OCEAN ) and terrestrial CO 2 sink (S LAND ) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B IM ), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ . For the last decade available (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016), E FF was 9.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr −1 , E LUC 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr −1 , G ATM 4.7 ± 0.1 GtC yr −1 , S OCEAN 2.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr −1 , and S LAND 3.0 ± 0.8 GtC yr −1 , with a budget imbalance B IM of 0.6 GtC yr −1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in E FF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr −1 . Also for 2016, E LUC was 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr −1 , G ATM was 6.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr −1 , S OCEAN was 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr −1 , and S LAND was 2.7 ± 1.0 GtC yr −1 , with a small B IM of −0.3 GtC. G ATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small S LAND consistent with El Niño conditions. The global atmospheric CO 2 concentration reached 402.8 ± 0.1 ppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data for the first 6-9 months indicate a renewed growth in E FF of +2.0 % (range of 0.8 to 3.0 %) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of gross domestic product (GDP) corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al

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Section: Emissions Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Carbon Budget 2017

Quéré

Andrew

Friedlingstein

et al. 2018

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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922

603

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“…The OPC production process is one of the main causes of the global warming process, causing approximately 7-8% of global warming CO2 emissions (García-Lodeiro et al 2015;Andrew 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of One-Part Alkali-Activated Ceramic/Slag Binders Containing Recycled Ceramic Aggregates

Abdollahnejad

Luukkonen

Mastali

et al. 2019

J. Mater. Civ. Eng.

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Alkali-activated binders have received a great attention due to their excellent potential in enabling the reuse and recycling of industrial solid wastes and by-products. One-part or "just add water" alkali-activated binders are an approach to reduce the negative aspects of using alkali solution during the preparation of the traditional two-part alkali activated binders. The work aimed to utilize the maximum content of ceramic wastes in alkali-activated blast-furnace slag/ceramic binders.The ground granulated blast-furnace slag was partially replaced (10%, 20%, and 30% in wt.%) by two types of ceramic wastes (porcelain and raw; i.e., fired and unfired). Moreover, coarse particle size of porcelain ceramic waste was used as recycled aggregate. The specimens were cured under two different curing regimes: 1) sealing with plastic; 2) using thermal curing conditions for 3 hours in 60°C after demolding and then sealing until the test day. Mechanical testing and microstructural analysis were used to characterize the effects of different curing regimes and different ceramic sources. The results showed that replacing ground granulated blast furnace slag with all types of ceramic wastes reduced the compressive strength, which this reduction was mainly caused by reduction of the calcium content. This strength loss was also governed by the ceramic waste type, curing regime type, and curing duration. The microstructural analysis indicated that some cracks were formed between the ceramic waste particles and the matrix.Moreover, the microscopic analysis indicated the use of pre-heating could eliminate cracking.

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“…Humans have been dealing with the problems caused by global warming for a long time. The rapidly increasing population and need for shelter caused the concrete industry to spread carbon dioxide to the environment, accounting for approximately 7-8% of the total emissions [3,4].Mainly clinker is responsible for this problem. It is a crucial phase of cement production, and the burning of raw materials around 1450 0C generates carbon-dioxide [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Mechanical and Durability Performance of Pastes Containing Carbon Fiber

Atiyeh¹,

Aydın²

2020

Preprint

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The damage caused by global warming is rapidly increasing, and its adverse effects become more evident with each passing day. Although it is known that the use of alternative binder materials in concrete would decrease this negative effect, reluctance to new composites continues. Waste use plays a vital role in sustainability studies. In this study, pure cement paste was prepared and enriched with carbon fiber. This study investigated the wide range of volume fraction of carbon fiber in cement-based composites. Two different industrial wastes, marble dust, and bottom ash were chosen and mixed with cement and four different (0.3%, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 2.5%) carbon fiber volume fractions. Based on physical, mechanical, and durability tests at 7, 28, and 56-days of curing, the composites were resistant to sulfate and seawater attack. The 0.75% carbon fiber addition seems to be an optimum volume percentage beyond which both physical and mechanical properties were adversely affected. The composites with 0.75% carbon fiber have reached 48.4 MPa and 47.2 MPa at 56-days of curing for marble dust and bottom ash mixture groups, respectively.

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Global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement production

Cited by 954 publications

References 17 publications

Global Carbon Budget 2017

Global Carbon Budget 2017

Development of One-Part Alkali-Activated Ceramic/Slag Binders Containing Recycled Ceramic Aggregates

Physical, Mechanical and Durability Performance of Pastes Containing Carbon Fiber

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