Global contamination by persistent organochlorines and their ecotoxicological impact on marine mammals

Tanabe, Shinsuke; Iwata, Hisato; Tatsukawa, Ryo

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90086-8

Cited by 455 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…al., 1996a,c andnarwhals Muir et al, 1992b . These data contradict the general notion that cetacean males accumulate OC contaminants with Ž increasing age Aguilar and Borrell, 1988;Tanabe . et al, 1994 .…”

Section: ( )contrasting

confidence: 67%

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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Ž. Blubber was collected from live-captured, adult male white whales Delphinapterus leucas from Svalbard, Norway, Ž . and analysed for levels and patterns of organochlorine OC contaminants. The OC compounds analysed were HCB, Ž . Ž dieldrin, ⌺HCH ␣-HCH, ␤-HCH and ␥-HCH , ⌺Chl heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-non-. Ž . Ž . achlor, and cis-nonachlor , ⌺DDT ppЈ-DDT, ppЈ-DDE and ppЈ-DDD and ⌺PCB 27 PCB congeners . The major Ž . Ž . OC compounds detected in the blubber were ⌺PCB 5103 " 1874 ngrg l.w. and ⌺DDT 5108 " 1089 ngrg l.w. , Ž . which made up 70% of the ⌺OC. These compounds were followed in prevalence by ⌺Chl 2872 " 1177 ngrg l.w. , which contributed 20% of the ⌺OC burden. ⌺HCH, HCB and dieldrin were present, but at low concentrations. This OC pattern is typical of top predators in Arctic marine food chains. OC levels in white whales from Svalbard are lower than white whales from the St Lawrence River in Canada and are generally similar to values reported previously for other Arctic white whale stocks. Some geographic patterns in relative prevalence of various OC compounds appear to be quite consistent among various marine mammal species in the Arctic. PCB and DDT concentrations in Svalbard's white whales are below the levels that are thought to have negative effects on reproduction or the immune system. ᮊ

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Section: ( )contrasting

confidence: 67%

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In India, pesticide use was banned in 1985, with the exemption of DDT which is still being used to control malaria (UNEP, 2003). Though the use of HCHs was banned for agricultural use in 1997, the Indian government still allows the use of HCHs on specific crops as well as in the health sector (Mukherjee and Gopal, 2003;Tanabe et al, 1994). There are few countries besides India who are still engaged in the production, usage and export of γ-HCH on a large scale (Abhilash and Singh, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India

Yadav

Devi

Syed

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

527

181

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“…It has been reported that adult females have decreasing levels of organic contaminants explained by the transfer of organochlorines to their offsprings during gestation and lactation. 2,10,15,24 Such ndings may explain variations in PCB levels between adult females and juvenile porpoises stranded in the southern North Sea.…”

Section: Pcb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 A recent study by Law et al 35 showed quite a slow decline for CB concentrations in UK porpoises stranded from 1991 to 1998 and then reached a plateau thereaer until 2009. Tanabe et al 2 suggested that a high transmission rate of organochlorines is pronounced in cetaceans. Thus, even if the status of marine pollution has been improved, a continuous long-term contamination by toxic organochlorines over many generations may be observed.…”

Section: Ddx Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] Exposure to persistent organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and their related compounds has caused abnormalities in higher trophic feeding animals from the North Sea, UK and various seas. [1][2][3]10 PCBs have been synthesized for industrial use and DDXs as agrochemicals. 11 The production of these organochlorines has been banned in Europe since the end of the 1970s generating the EU directive (79/117/EEC) for DDXs and the council directive (96/59/EC) for disposal of PCBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organochlorines in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the southern North Sea between 2010 and 2013

Mahfouz

Henry

Jauniaux

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDXs) and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in the blubber of 20 harbour porpoises stranded on the coasts of the southern North Sea between 2010 and 2013. The results showed that porpoises that died from infectious diseases displayed significantly higher levels of PCBs in their blubber compared to healthy porpoises that died from physical trauma. P 7CBs and P DDXs were higher in juvenile porpoises compared to adult females. Except for three individuals, PBDE concentrations were below the limit of quantification in the blubber samples treated. In general, levels of PCBs and DDXs obtained in the blubber of porpoises from this study were in the same order of magnitude or even lower than those obtained in the blubber of porpoises stranded along the North East Atlantic Ocean and the Black Sea over the period 1987 and 2013. The results of the present study suggest that even if the status of marine pollution has been improved, a continuous long-term contamination by toxic organochlorines over many generations may be observed. Environmental impactThis paper investigated organochlorine concentrations and proles in the blubber of stranded harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) along the southern North Sea between 2010 and 2013. In the last decade, porpoise stranding has increased in French, Belgian and Dutch coastal waters. Since organochlorines are known to exert immunotoxicity in harbour porpoise individuals, special interest may be accorded to the contaminant levels in their organs and tissues. Based on the results, the paper relates polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to the maturity status and the gender of stranded porpoises, along with the cause of death of porpoises whether it was a natural mortality or a death due to infectious diseases.

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Global contamination by persistent organochlorines and their ecotoxicological impact on marine mammals

Cited by 455 publications

References 39 publications

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India

Organochlorines in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the southern North Sea between 2010 and 2013

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