Global Dimension of Universal Access to Energy

Design and performance evaluation of solar cookers for developing countries: The case of Mutoyi, Burundi

“…According to literature, appropriate technologies must match local needs and local resources . Moreover, they should use locally available and affordable energy resources, preferring the renewable ones . Their construction must be affordable—«low investment cost per workplace and per unit of output»—and based on local people skills .…”

Techno-economic analysis of off-grid PV-Diesel power generation system for rural electrification: A case study of Chilubi district in Zambia

“…Where C 0 is capital cost (Initial investment costs incurred at the beginning of the project, d discount rate (6% was considered), ACOM is the annual cost of operations and maintenance, AC is annual fuel cost, NAED is the net annual electricity delivered, and n is the project useful life (25 years was considered). The Net Present Value (NPV), a measure of how profitable a project is, was calculated using Equation (2).…”

“…The global energy demand is high and is projected to increase further [1]. The high demand and projected increase are due to the need to satisfy the universal basic energy needs of the world population, sustain the lifestyles of developed countries and develop and industrialise low-income countries [2]. This projected trend of energy use and the dependency of the world's energy economy on fossil fuels has raised concerns due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, which are the primary cause of global warming [3].…”

Off-grid systems for rural electrification in developing countries: Definitions, classification and a comprehensive literature review

“…This situation is exacerbated by the limited progress in rural electrification due to high costs for grid extension which is not balanced by a local market. Therefore the growing consideration towards the target of universal access to energy [10,11] has been drawing attention to rural electrification and to those technologies which go beyond the centralized system approach.…”