Global dinoflagellate event associated with the late Paleocene thermal maximum

Crouch, Erica M.; Heilmann‐Clausen, Claus; Brinkhuis, Henk; Morgans, Hugh E. G.; Rogers, Karyne M.; Egger, H.; Schmitz, Birger

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0315:gdeawt>2.0.co;2

Cited by 288 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thick kaolinite deposits at Wilson Lake and other North Atlantic continental margin sites [Gibson et al, 2000;Schmitz et al, 2001] indicate high seasonal physical weathering and runoff rates during the initial CIE. Moreover, enhanced productivity inferred from nannoplankton assemblages [Crouch et al, 2001;Kaiho et al, 1996;Speijer et al, 1996] at the onset of the PETM has been documented in several nearshore environments, including Wilson Lake [Gibbs et al, 2006]. Increases in dinoflagellate abundances coeval with the onset of the CIE at Wilson Lake (Figure 2) are also consistent with increased nutrient supply and coastal eutrophication [Bujak and Brinkhuis, 1998].…”

Section: Pa4104mentioning

confidence: 57%

A biogenic origin for anomalous fine‐grained magnetic material at the Paleocene‐Eocene boundary at Wilson Lake, New Jersey

Lippert

Zachos

2007

Paleoceanography

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[1] The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which occurred $55.5 Ma, was caused by a massive release of carbon, as indicated by an $3% negative carbon isotope excursion recorded in the marine, atmospheric, and terrestrial reservoirs. One suggested source for the carbon, a cometary impactor, is based on the sudden appearance and high concentration of single-domain (SD) magnetite in Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary cores from the North Atlantic continental margin. We evaluate the potential sources of SD magnetite at the P-E boundary by presenting new magnetic hysteresis, low-temperature magnetic remanence, and transmission electron microscopy data from the North Atlantic coastal ocean. Our results show a similar increase in SD material but demonstrate that the magnetic material has a biogenic origin. These findings indicate that the high concentrations of SD magnetite immediately above the P-E boundary are the result of unusual accumulations and/or preservation of magnetotactic bacteria. Such bacteria typically occupy the oxic-anoxic transition zone near the sediment-water interface or in the water column. The high abundances of SD magnetite in sediments from across the shelf may be an artifact of nonsteady state redox conditions and exceptional preservation of SD magnetite. It may also indicate that the oxic-anoxic redox boundary shifted into the water column. The latter explanation implies transient eutrophy of the coastal ocean in this region, most likely due to seasonally enhanced runoff, and increased stratification and nutrient loading.

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Section: Pa4104mentioning

confidence: 57%

A biogenic origin for anomalous fine‐grained magnetic material at the Paleocene‐Eocene boundary at Wilson Lake, New Jersey

Lippert

Zachos

2007

Paleoceanography

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“…A global increase in Apectodinium occurred during the Palaeocene/ Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) 13 , the largest known climatic warming of the Cenozoic. In a companion paper 14 , by TEX 86 analysis, we show that even at extreme high latitudes in the Arctic Ocean, peak PETM sea surface temperatures soared to ,24 8C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean

Moran¹,

Backman²,

Brinkhuis³

et al. 2006

Nature

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493

407

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The history of the Arctic Ocean during the Cenozoic era (0-65 million years ago) is largely unknown from direct evidence. Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from >400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a palaeoenvironmental transition from a warm 'greenhouse' world, during the late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs, to a colder 'icehouse' world influenced by sea ice and icebergs from the middle Eocene epoch to the present. For the most recent ∼14 Myr, we find sedimentation rates of 1-2 cm per thousand years, in stark contrast to the substantially lower rates proposed in earlier studies; this record of the Neogene reveals cooling of the Arctic that was synchronous with the expansion of Greenland ice (∼3.2 Myr ago) and East Antarctic ice (∼14 Myr ago). We find evidence for the first occurrence of ice-rafted debris in the middle Eocene epoch (∼45 Myr ago), some 35 Myr earlier than previously thought; fresh surface waters were present at ∼49 Myr ago, before the onset of ice-rafted debris. Also, the temperatures of surface waters during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (∼55 Myr ago) appear to have been substantially warmer than previously estimated. The revised timing of the earliest Arctic cooling events coincides with those from Antarctica, supporting arguments for bipolar symmetry in climate change. © 2006 Nature Publishing Group

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“…The distinct acme of Apectodinium spp. reflects the event of the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (IETM), globally correlatable about 55 million year ago (Bujak & Brinkhuis, 1998;Crouch et al, 2001;Egger et al, 2003;Steurbaut et al, 2003).…”

Section: The 690-680 M Intervalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wilsonidium pechoricum is present. The D5a zone corresponds to the IETM interval (Bujak & Brinkhuis, 1998;Crouch et al, 2001;Crouch & Brinkhuis, 2005;Egger et al, 2003), corresponds to the Initial Eocene and correlates with the upper part of the NP9 nannoplankton zone (Luterbacher et al, 2004).…”

Section: Apectodinium Augustum Zonementioning

confidence: 99%